find all files with names ending in '.html' or '.php' containing the word 'big'
find / \(-name \*.html -o -name \*.php\) | xargs grep -i "big"
##(this uses the tool 'xargs' instead of a 'for' loop)
find all text files in the current directory and all subfolders
find . | perl -lne '-T "$_" and print "$_"' | less
find . | perl -lne '-T $_ and print $_' | less ##(the same, I think...)
Finding files by permissions
....
find files not readable by all users
find -type f ! -perm -444
find folders which are not accessible for all users
find -type d ! -perm -111
Complex find expressions
....
Find can use logical operators on each condition. This makes it possible
to construct complex, and hopefully powerful find commands.
find all files ending in '.csv' which are real files and list them
find / -type f -name "*.csv"
find / -type f -a -name "*.csv" ##(the same, '-a' means logical and)
use the 'and' logical operator
find / -type f -a -name "*.csv" ##(the -a is not necessary)
use the 'or ' logical operator: find files ending in .txt or .csv
find / -name '*.txt -o -name "*.csv"
find files ending in '.xls' or '.csv' which are real files (not folders etc)
find / -type f \( -name "*.xls" -o -name "*.csv" \) -exec ls -l {} \;
find all files whose names dont end in '.csv'
find . \! -name '*.csv'
Doing something with found files
....
Find also support the -exec option which performs an action on each
found file, but it may be better to use 'xargs' instead for speed
find / -type f \( -name "*.xls" -o -name "*.csv" \) -exec ls -l {} \;
the -exec option can be used to carry out an action on the found files
find . -name "*" -exec cp "{}" img \;
delete all files whose names end in '.txt' in this and all subfolders
find . -name '*.txt' -delete ##(a bit dangerous, but anyway)
find . -name '*.txt -exec rm {} \; ##(the same, if you like typing)
find . -name '*.txt -exec rm "{}" \; ##(better? but why)
find . -name '*.txt | xargs rm ##(the same, might be faster, who knows)
delete each file but ask the user for confirmation
find . -name '*.txt' -ok rm {} \;
find . -name '*.txt' -ok rm "{}" \; ##(better)
display the file type information about each file in this folder tree
find . -type f -exec file '{}' \;
Locating files
The 'locate' tool is faster than find, because it use an 'index' which
has to be updated when the filesystem changes.
use locate,
update the file name database for the locate command
updatedb
find all executable files in the current and subfolder with 'tree' in the name
find . -name "*tree*" | perl -lne '-x and print'
find . -name "*tree*" | perl -lne '-x && print' ##(the same)
find . -name "*tree*" | perl -lne '-x $_ and print $_' ##(the same)
Renaming and moving files
....
smart renaming of files
ls | sed -n -r 's/banana_(.*)_([0-9]*).asc/mv & banana_\2_\1.asc/gp' | sh
convert filenames in current directory to lowercase
for i in *; do mv "$i" "$(echo $i|tr A-Z a-z)"; done
recursively change file name from uppercase to lowercase (or
find . -type f | while read f; do mv $f `echo $f |tr '[:upper:]' '[ :lower:]'`; done
Replace space in filename
rename "s/ *//g" *.jpg
Rename .JPG to .jpg recursively
find /path/to/images -name '*.JPG' -exec rename "s/.JPG/.jpg/g" \{\} \;
rename all '.html' files in the folder to '.php'
rename 's/\.html$/.php/' *.html ##(index.html will become index.php)
rename uppercase file names to lower-case
rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *
show what renaming would happen but dont actually do anything
rename -n 's/\.htm$/.html/' *.html
rename all files on the entire computer from "htm" -> "html"
find /* -name "*.htm" | xargs rename 's/\.htm$/.html/'
find /* -name "*.htm" -exec rename 's/\.htm$/.html/' "{}" \; ##(slower)
# the "xargs" version is much much faster than the "-exec" version
# using "xargs -I {} cmd {} " slows down xargs alot
# in this case.
Batch file name renaming (copying or moving) w/ glob matching.
for x in *.ex1; do mv "${x}" "${x%ex1}ex2"; done
get only the first component of a Unix style file name
f=/user/home/hh.html; echo f | sed "s*^/**" | cut -d '/' -f 1
##(this prints "user")
Deleting files
....
delete files except some file
find . |more |grep -v filename |xargs rm
Removes file with a dash in the beginning of the name
rm -- --myfile
List and delete files older than one year
find -mtime +365 -and -not -type d -delete
Delete files if not have some extension
ls -1 |grep -v .jpg |xargs rm
take a look at what a command will do before doing it
find /tmp -type f -printf 'rm "%p";\n'
empty the trash folder
alias trash="rm -fr ~/.local/share/Trash"
may be the optimal way of deleting huge numbers of files
find /path/to/dir -type f -delete
Verbosely delete files matching specific name pattern, older than x
find /backup/directory -name "some*" -mtime +15 | xargs rm -vf
Watch how fast the files in a drive are being deleted
watch "df | grep /path/to/drive"
Remove a file whose name begins with a dash ( - ) character
rm ./-filename
Erase empty files
find . -size 0 -print0 | xargs -0 rm
Delete files older than 5 (days?)
find /dir_name -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \
remove files and directories which havent been accessed in the last 20 minutes
find -amin +20 -delete
remove all files with the extension ".dvi" and ".log"
rm *.{dvi,log}
Remove all but the 5 most recent file in a directory.
rm `ls -t | awk 'NR>5'` ##(the old bash syntax)
rm $(ls -t | awk 'NR>5') ##(the same, but new syntax)
securely erase unused blocks in a partition
# cd $partition; dd if=/dev/zero of=ShredUnusedBlocks bs=512M; shred -vzu ShredUnusedBlocks
Copying files
....
copy lots of files from the current folder to the folder "img"
find . -name "*" | xargs -I {} cp {} img ##(may be faster than -exec)
find . -name "*" -exec cp "{}" img \;
##( "cp * img/" may give the result: file list too long)
##(find with "-exec" is much much faster than a "for" loop)
A rather slow "for" loop for copying files
for i in *; do cp $i img/; done
Symbolic links to files
....
make a symbolic link to the mounted hard drive in the home folder
ln -s /mnt/hda1 ~/disk
ln -s /path/to/original /path/to/link ##(general format)
make a link to '.bashrc' in the current folder.
ln -s ~/.bashrc ##(the symbolic link will be calledd 'bashrc')
delete a symbolic link
rm link ##(the original file is not deleted)
see where a symbolic link points to
ls -l link
File compression
Create a tar archive using 7z compression
tar cf - /path/to/data | 7z a -si archivename.tar.7z
backup and remove files with access time older than 5 days.
tar -zcvpf backup_`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.tar.gz `find -atime
Extract a remote tarball in the current directory without having
curl http://example.com/foo.tar.gz | tar zxvf -
Extract tarball from internet without local saving
wget -O - http://example.com/a.gz | tar xz
Gzip files older than 10 days matching *
find . -type f -name "*" -mtime +10 -print -exec gzip {} \;
Zip all subdirectories into zipfiles
for f in `find . \( ! -name . -prune \) -type d -print`; do zip $f.zip $f; done
Pack up some files into a tarball on a remote server without
tar -czf - * | ssh example.com "cat > files.tar.gz"
backup a directory in a timestamped tar.gz
tar -czvvf backup$(date "+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S").tar.gz /path/to/dir
Create a tar.gz in a single command
tar cvf - foodir | gzip > foo.tar.gz
Extract tar.gz in a single command
gunzip < foo.tar.gz | tar xvf -
Create a zip file ignoring .svn files
zip -r foo.zip DIR -x "*/.svn/*"
unzip -lt foo.zip | grep testing | awk '{print $2}' | xargs rm -r
Remove all files previously extracted from a tar(.gz) file.
tar -tf | xargs rm -r
List contents of tar archive within a compressed 7zip archive
7z x -so testfile.tar.7z | tar tvf -
Extract neatly a rar compressed file
unrar e file.part1.rar; if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then rm file.part*.rar; fi
Compare an archive with the file-system
tar dfz horde-webmail-1.2.3.tar.gz
compress a file and watch the progress
tar zcf - user | pv /bin/gzip > /tmp/backup.tar.gz
Create a self-extracting archive for win32 using 7-zip
7z -sfx archive.exe /path/to/archive
Compression formats Benchmark
for a in bzip2 lzma gzip;do echo -n>$a;for b in $(seq 0 256);do dd if=/dev/zero of=$b.zero bs=$b count=1;c=$(date +%s%N);$a $b.zero;d=$(date +%s%N);total=$(echo $d-$c|bc);echo $total>>$a;rm $b.zero *.bz2 *.lzma *.gz;done;done
list the contents of a .gz compressed tar archive file
tar ztvf file.tar.gz ##(nothing is uncompressed or extracted)
list the contents of a .bz2 compressed tar archivve file
tar jtvf file.tar.bz2
compress stuff and show a progress bar while it is working
tar zcf - user | pv /bin/gzip > /tmp/backup.tar.gz
uncompress a ".bz2" compressed file
bunzip2 filename.txt.bz2
for files ending with ".Z" use "uncompress"
uncompress file.Z
view the contents of the compressed file 'comp.gz'
zcat comp.gz
page through the contents of a compressed file
zless filename
compress a file as small as possible with gzip
gzip --best file
browse a compressed directory
mc ##(the gnu midnight commander, uses 'curses')
create a compressed archive of the folder 'dir' in file 'dir.tar.gz'
tar -cvz --exclude *.exe -f dir.tar.gz dir
##(excludes all filenames ending with '.exe')
Compress files found with find
find ~/bin/ -name "*sh" -print0 | xargs -0t tar -zcvf foofile.tar.gz
Create a zip archive excluding all SVN folders
zip -r myfile.zip * -x \*.svn\*
Archives of files
A file archive is a way to combine many different files within
one file, optionally compressing (reducing the size) of each file
included in the "archive" file. The purpose of creating file archives
is to facilitate making backups of files or for transfering files from
one computer to another.
Compress archive(s) or directory(ies) and split the output file
rar a -m5 -v5M -R myarchive.rar /home/
Split a tarball into multiple parts
tar cf - |split -bM - .tar.
Unrar all files in a directory
for f in *.rar;do unrar e ?$f?;done
Tar - Compress by excluding folders
tar -cvzf arch.tgz $(find /path/dir -not -type d)
Extract tarball from internet without local saving
curl http://example.com/a.gz | tar xz
Slightly better compressed archives
find . \! -type d | rev | sort | rev | tar c --files-from=- --format=ustar | bzip2 --best > a.tar.bz2
Archive a directory with datestamp on filename
tar zcvf somedir-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M).tar.gz somedir/
display the files contained in the "tar" archive file "archive.tar"
tar tvf archive.tar
##(the 'v' option prints each file which is added to the archive)
append files with names ending in ".txt" to the archive file "text.tar"
tar rvfn text.tar *.txt
tar -rvfn text.tar *.txt ##(this is the same, the "-" is optional)
create an archive file "new.tar" and append all "c" source files to it
tar -cvf new.tar *.c
tar cvf new.tar *.c ##(the same)
create an archive file "new.tar" of the folder /etc/lynx
tar cvvf new.tar /etc/lynx ##("vv" means "extra verbosity")
extract all files from a "tar" archive file
tar xvf myfile.tar
Backups of data and disks
A backup is essentially a copy of data which is stored in a
different place from the original data, and which hopefully will
combat the laws of entropy.
File backups
....
On unix-style systems, backup files have traditionally had a
'~' extension.
add a backup (or any other) suffix to the file 'data'
mv -vi data{,~}
Create a quick back-up copy of a file
cp file.txt{,.bak}
Create a backup of the file 'fo/list' with todays timestamp
cp fo/list{,-$(date +%Y-%m-%d)}
quickly backup or copy a file 'list.txt' with bash
cp -bfS.bak list.txt list.txt
remove backup files (with the '~' extension)
find / -name *~ -delete
locate '*~' | xargs rm ##(faster but not as thorough)
never rewrite a file while copying (or moving)
cp --backup=t source.file target.file
a function to create backups with a day-time timestamp
backup() { for i in "$@"; do cp -va $i $i.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S); done }
Folder backups
....
backup directory. (for bash)
cp -pr directory-you-want-to-backup{,_`date +%Y%m%d`} # for bash
create a separate backup file for all files in current folder
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -i cp ./{}{,.bak}
Remote backups
....
Backup a filesystem to a remote machine and use cstream to
nice -n19 dump -0af - / -z9|gpg -e -r |cstream -v 1 -t 60k|ssh "cat > backup.img"
Send a backup job to a remote tape drive on another machine over ssh
tar cvzf - /directory/ | ssh root@host "cat > /dev/nst0"
backup and synchronize entire remote folder locally (curlftpfs and
curlftpfs ftp://username:password@ftpserver /tmp/remote-website/ && rsync -av /tmp/remote-website/* /usr/local/data_latest && umount /tmp/remote-website
Disk backups
....
check the status of 'dd' in progress
watch -n 10 killall -USR1 dd
Backup of a partition
cd /mnt/old && tar cvf - . | ( cd /mnt/new && tar xvf - )
make a backup of an entire hard disk (the first one), saving to a file
dd if=/dev/hda of=/path/to/image/file
make a backup of the second hard disk, compress it and write to a file
dd if=/dev/hdb | gzip > /path/to/image.gz
restore a backup of the hard disk /dev/hdb
dd if=/path/to/image of=/dev/hdb
restore a compressed backup of a hard disk
gzip -dc /path/to/image.gz | dd of=/dev/hda
create a backup of the master boot record and partition table of the 'hdb' disk
dd if=/dev/hdb of=/path/to/image count=1 bs=512
Restoring a backup
....
Restore a local drive from the image on remote host via ssh
ssh user@server 'dd if=sda.img' | dd of=/dev/sda
Transfering files
A wide range of programs are available to transfer files between
different computers on a network, and each has its own particular
speciality
remote file transfer programs
.. ftp, unencrypted file transfer (older)
.. sftp, encrypted file transfer with user interaction
.. scp, encrypted file transfer, non-interactive (faster than sftp)
.. wget, http recursive file download, suitable for a bad connection
.. curl, like wget but with some more options
.. rsync, an efficient and flexible remote copy program
.. bittorent, distributed file transfer
..,
share files through the http port 80
nc -w 5 -v -l -p 80 < file.ext
transfer files using commands in 'ftp.txt' to server.net
sftp -bc -pw password -l username -b ftp.txt server.net
copy a file over the secure shell 'ssh' without 'scp'
ssh HOST cat < LOCALFILE ">" REMOTEFILE
share the current directory tree (via http) at http://$HOSTNAME:8000/
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
Scp
....
The secure copy program is allegedly faster than 'sftp' mode, and uses
ssh encryption. For transfering entire folders the 'rsync' program should
probably used instead. Scp appears incapable of transfering 2 different
files to 2 different folders. For that, see sftp. Without the '-r'
switch Scp wont transfer folders.
transfer 'book.txt' to the books folder of a sourceforge site server
scp books.txt user,project@web.sf.net:htdocs/books/
upload files 'f' and 'g' into the webfolder on a sourceforge server
scp f g user,project@web.sourceforge.net:htdocs/
download files 'f' and 'g' from a sourceforge server to this folder
scp user,project@web.sourceforge.net:"htdocs/f htdocs/g" .
upload (overwriting) all files in the current folder to the folder
'doc/books/' to the 'eva' account on the server 'far.net'
scp * eva@far.net:doc/books/
upload and overwrite all '.txt' files to the 'doc/' folder on far.net
scp *.txt eva@far.net:doc/
scp a good script from host A which has no public access to host
cat nicescript |ssh middlehost "cat | ssh -a root@securehost 'cat > nicescript'"
bash function to upload a file via scp to the 'rpike' a/c on the server
upfile() { scp $1 rpike@server.net:$1 }
Easily scp a file back to the host you're connecting from
mecp () { scp "$@" ${SSH_CLIENT%% *}:Desktop/; }
download 2 files from the server using the account 'user'
scp user@server.net:"chap1.txt chap2.txt" ~/books
upload the 'books' folder to the server 'machine.net' with account 'bob'
scp -r ~/logs bob@machine.net:~/books ##(consider using rsync instead)
download all the files in the 'books' folder to the current local folder
scp bob@machine.net:/home/books/* . ##(no subfolders are downloaded)
copy the file 'file.txt' from the 'server.net' host to the 'server.org'
scp donkey@server.net:file1.txt donkey@server.org:books
scp file from hostb to hostc while logged into hosta
scp user@hostb:file user@hostc:
Complex scp
....
create a list of file names from local folders
d=$(echo ~/sf/htdocs/books/*/); d="basename "${d// /;basename }; d=$(eval $d); d=$(echo $d | sed -r 's:[a-z-]+:htdocs/books/&/&-book.txt:ig'); echo $d
create a list of file names from local folders and download them
d=$(echo ~/sf/htdocs/books/*/); d="basename "${d// /;basename }; d=$(eval $d); d=$(echo $d | sed -r 's:[a-z-]+:htdocs/books/&/&-book.txt:ig'); echo $d; scp user,project@web.sourceforge.net:"$d" .
Sftp
....
sftp transfers files using the encrypted ssh (secure shell) protocol
and is thus 'safer' and more modern than 'ftp'. sftp is designed to
be used interactively by the user, but can also run in batch mode
with the -b switch
using sftp in batch mode to upload to the sourceforge web server
sftp -b a.txt user,project@web.sf.net > /tmp/sftp.log
the file 'a.txt' contains 'cd books; put chap1.txt; bye;'
Rsync
Rsync is a very powerful network file copying program. It is particularly
nice because it only transfers the parts of the files which have changed
(the 'difference' to the old files). This saves a great deal of bandwidth
and is probably the most efficient and pleasant way to develop a website.
It is a program with a very large number of options to fine tune the way
the file transfers take place.
Note: If the source path ends with "/" then the contents of the folder are
copied but the folder itself is not
rsync tools
.. grsync - a very basic graphical version of rsync with gtk
..
create an incremental backup of a directory using hard links
rsync -a --delete --link-dest=../lastbackup $folder $dname/
Simple usage of rsync
....
the general form of rsync is
rsync [options] source destination
download files from folder 'path' on the server to a local folder
rsync -avP user@server.com:path/ /local/folder/
rsync -avP -e ssh user@server.com:path/ /local/folder/ ##(using ssh)
options:
-a archive mode
-P keep partially transfered files, and show progress
during the transfer of files
,,,
copy recursively all files and folders from src/bar to /data/tmp/bar
rsync -avz machine:src/bar /data/tmp
##(note that a new directory "bar" may be created within '/data/tmp')
copy recursively all files and folders from src/bar/ to /data/tmp
rsync -avz foo:src/bar/ /data/tmp
Note that NO directory "/data/tmp/bar" will be created
options used
.. -v verbose output
.. -a the "archive" mode, which means the same as "-rlptgoD"
.. -r recurse into directories
.. -l copy symbolic links as symbolic links
.. -p preserve file permissions
.. -t preserve file timestamps
-g preserve the group information of the files (where possible)
-o preserve file owner information
-D preserve device and special files (where possible)
-z compress file data during the transfer
..
copy all files from the current folder to "htdocs/books/" on the server
rsync -rv --exclude=*.swp . user@server:htdocs/books/
The contents of the current folder are copied but not the folder itself.
Files with names ending in '.swp' are not copied because of the
--exclude option.
Remote copy directories and files through an SSH tunnel host
rsync -avz -e 'ssh -A sshproxy ssh' srcdir remhost:dest/path/
copy files displaying a progress bar.
rsync -av --progress ./file.txt user@host:/path/to/dir
rsync + find
find . -name "whatever.*" -print0 | rsync -av --files-from=- --from0 ./ ./destination/
Local copying
....
Instead of using 'cp' one may use rsync instead to copy and
synchronise large folders. This has the advantage that not all
the files need be copied, only those that have changed.
synchronise the users 'web' folder with a folder on a usb key
rsync -r ~/web/ /media/KINGSTON/web/
rsync -r ~/web/ /media/KINGSTON/web ##(the same)
rsync -r ~/web /media/KINGSTON/ ##(the same)
rsync -rv ~/web/ /media/KINGSTON/web ##(the same, but verbose)
rsync -rvn ~/web/ /media/KINGSTON/web/ ##(just see what would happen)
The trailing '/' on ~/web/ is important since it determined whether
rsync will copy just the contents of the folder or the folder
itself.
copy the folder 'big' from the current folder to the '/home/user/' folder
rsync -r big /home/user/
cp -r big /home/user/ ##(this is more or less the same)
copy the folder 'big' to the users home folder exclude 'iso' files
rsync -rv --progress --exclude=*.iso big ~/ ##(progress is shown)
Excluding files from rsync transfers
........
upload files excluding the directory 'images'
rsync -r --exclude='images' /local/dir/ user@server.com:path/
The local folder /local/dir/images is not uploaded to the remote
computer (server.com).
synchronise by uploading all files except 'png' & 'jpg' images
rsync -r --exclude=*.png --exclude=*.jpg /local/dir/ user@server.com:path/
upload all files except 'pdf' documents and the /local/dir/images folder
rsync -r --exclude=*.pdf --exclude=images /local/dir/ user@server.com:path/
upload files excluding everthing listed in the file '/path/list.txt'
rsync --exclude-from '/path/list.txt' /local/dir/ user@server.com:path/
##(an absolute path for the exclude file seems to be necessary, 2008)
try bittorent.
Problems
....
There seems to be no short option for --exclude. It also seems
imposible to include a list of files with one --exclude option
Deleting destination files with rsync
........
see what files would be deleted with the "--delete" option
rsync -rnv --delete /home/user/ user@server:path/
rsync -rv --delete --dry-run /home/user/ user@server:path/ ##(the same)
##(this should always be done before using "--delete")
recursively upload the contents of /home/ and delete destination files
not found in the source folder tree (this can be dangerous!, first use "-n")
rsync -r --delete /home/ user@server:path/
upload files TO a server from a local folder using rsync and ssh
upload the '/home/' folder except c files, deleting c files at the destination
rsync -rv --delete-excluded --exclude=*.c /home/ user@server:path/
upload recursively the current directory excluding the folder
"tree" and deleting the folder "tree" at the destination
rsync -rv --delete-excluded --exclude=tree . user@machine:/books/web
rsync -avP -e ssh /local/folder/ user@server.com:path/
copy all files from the "/home/user/" folder to path/ on the server
rsync -e ssh /home/user/* user@server.com:path/
##(this is not a recursive copy; folders are not copied; the shell handles "*")
Symbolic links and rsync
....
upload files, copying the target of symbolic links
rsync -rv --copy-links /local/folder/ user@server.com:path/
rsync -rvL /local/folder/ user@server.com:path/ ##(the same)
Sourceforge
....
see what a sourceforge download with rsync would do without doing anything
rsync -rvn -e ssh user,project@web.sf.net:htdocs/books ~/work/htdocs'
upload to an sf project folder excluding vim swap files
rsync -rv --exclude='*.swp' -e ssh ~/sf/htdocs/books user,project@web.sf.net:htdocs/'
##(if it doesnt exist, the 'books' folder is created on the server)
get a project web-folder from sourceforge showing progress
rsync -r --progress -e ssh user,project@web.sf.net:htdocs/books ~/work/htdocs'
Uploading files
use rsync, sftp, ftp,
Downloading files
....
Downloading refers to the process of transfering files from
a remote computer (somewhere on the internet, or just in the next
room) to the the computer on which you are working.
@@ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wget
Tools: wget, curl
Wget has the advantage that it works on slow and precarious
internet connections and can be scripted and scheduled. Curl is
very similar to wget but provides a few extra features.
snarf is a command line resource grabber.
snarf http://foo.bar.com/picture.jpg
Download an entire ftp directory using wget
wget -r ftp://user:pass@ftp.example.com
Download from Rapidshare Premium using wget - Part 2
wget -c -t 1 --load-cookies ~/.cookies/rapidshare
mirror a yahoo geocities site, accepting only txt, html ... etc
wget -nH -m -Atxt,html,js,java,class,css -Isitename http://www.geocities.com/sitename
resume downloading a file from the internet
wget -c url ##(wget automatically retries getting)
download a file limiting the download rate to 20k/second
wget --limit-rate=20k url
##(this prevents wget hogging the available network bandwidth)
get all the URLS contained in the file "list.txt"
wget -i list.txt
download the html file and save it to the folder "tree"
wget -P"tree" http://bumble.sf.net
download all ".gif" files from a web folder
wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://host/folder/
mirror a website without overwriting any existing local files
wget -nc -r http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
Download an entire website
wget --random-wait -r -p -e robots=off -U mozilla http://www.example.com
download a file and output to standard output
wget -O - http://jagor.srce.hr/
get all the pages linked to by the page "links.html"
wget -O - http://host/links.html | wget --force-html -i
check the validity of links in the bookmarks.html
wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
mirror the site http://fa.org/, with 3 retries logging errors in 'mirror.log'
wget -m -t3 http://fa.org/ -o mirror.log
use wget but pretend to be the "Konqueror" browser
wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/4.2; Linux) KHTML/4.2.98 (like Gecko)"
##(some sites may block access to wget to reduce server load)
pretend to be the "Lynx" text mode browser
wget -U "Lynx/2.8.7dev.9 libwww-FM/2.14" http://site
download free ebooks from amazon.com
# pretends to be firefox, recurses to 2 levels
wget -erobots=off --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.3) Gecko/2008092416 Firefox/3.0.3" -H -r -l2 --max-redirect=1 -w 5 --random-wait -PmyBooksFolder -nd --no-parent -A.pdf http://amazon.com
,,,
Using curl
....
The curl utility is very similar to 'wget' but provides a few
extra tricks.
HTTP Get of a web page via proxy server with login credentials
curl -U username[:password] -x proxyserverIP:proxyserverPort webpageURI
get a file while pretending to be netscape 4.73 browser
curl -A "Mozilla/4.73 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.15 i686)" [URL]
follow http redirects (where the page is automatically refreshed to another)
curl -L www.will.redirect.org
use url 'globbing' to get several pages
curl http://site.{one,two,three}.com
use arithmetic 'globbing' of urls to retrieve lots of pages
curl http://www.example.com/file[1-100].txt
##(this will retrieve file1.txt, file2.txt, file3.txt ...)
curl http://www.eg.org/file[001-100].txt
##(this will retrieve file001.txt, file002.txt, ... file099.txt, file100.txt)
specify an alphabetic sequence of urls to retrieve
curl www.eg.org/[a-g].html ##(will get a.html, b.html, ... g.html)
various sequences can be include to get lots of files
curl www.eg.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part[a-f].html
specify a sequence of urls to retrieve with a 'step' value (since 7.15.1)
curl http://www.eg.org/[1-100:10].txt ##(gets 1.txt, 11.txt, 21.txt ...)
access a page which is protected by basic authentication
curl -u name:password www.secrets.com
get the files a.html, b.html, c.html and save them with their names
curl -O www.eg.com/[a-c].html
get a.txt, r.txt and s.txt and save them in a file called dump.txt
curl -o dump.txt www.eg.com/{a,r,s}.txt
get all the pages of the linux cookbook pretending to be mozilla
curl -A "Mozilla/4.0" -O http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_[1-45].html
for i in $(seq 1 45); do curl -A "Mozilla/4.0" -O http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_$i.html; sleep 2; done ##(the same, but sleeping 2 seconds)
download the linux cookbook, and convert to text at the same time
for i in $(seq 1 45); do lynx --dump http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_$i.html > cookbook-$i.txt; sleep 2; done
Mirroring
....
Create a mirror of a local folder, on a remote server
rsync -e "/usr/bin/ssh -p22" -a --progress --stats --delete -l -z -v -r -p /root/files/ user@remote_server:/root/files/
Developing software
Cpp
Add a newline to the end of a cpp file
find . -iname "*.cpp" -exec perl -ni -e 'chomp; print "$_\n"' {} \;
Create etags file of .c, .cpp, and .h files in all subdirectories
find . -regex ".*\.[cChH]\(pp\)?" -print | etags -
display typedefs, structs, unions and functions provided by a library
cpp /usr/include/stdio.h | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' | less
Display GCC Predefined Macros
gcc -dM -E - <<<''
Show Shared Library Mappings
ldconfig -p
Colorize make, gcc, and diff output
colormake, colorgcc, colordiff
Write and run a quick C program
cat | gcc -x c -o a.out - && ./a.out && rm a.out
make a patch file using an original file and a modification
diff -u file.txt.orig file.txt > file.txt.patch
compile an application
./configure; make && make install ##(use 'sudo' where necessary)
Display a list of code committers sorted by the frequency of commits
svn log -q|grep "|"|awk "{print \$3}"|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr
List all authors of a particular git project
git log --format='%aN' | sort -u
Figure out your work output for the day
git diff --stat `git log --author="XXXXX" --since="12 hours ago" --pretty=oneline | tail -n1 | cut -c1-40` HEAD
git diff of files that have been staged ie 'git add'ed
git diff --cached
Remote development
....
detach remote console for long running operations
dtach -c /tmp/wires-mc mc
Execute a sudo command remotely, without displaying the password
stty -echo; ssh HOSTNAME "sudo some_command"; stty echo
How to run a command on a list of remote servers read from a file
dsh -M -c -f servers -- "command HERE"
connect to X login screen via vnc
x11vnc -display :0 -auth $(ps -ef|awk '/xauth/ {print $15}'|head -1) -forever -bg &
Share your terminal session (remotely or whatever)
screen -x
cvs, subversion
Use a Gmail virtual disk (GmailFS) on Ubuntu
mount.gmailfs none /mount/path/ [-o username=USERNAME[,password=PASSWORD][,fsname=VOLUME]] [-p]
Ldap
LDAP search to query an ActiveDirectory server
ldapsearch -LLL -H ldap://activedirectory.example.com:389 -b 'dc=example,dc=com' -D 'DOMAIN\Joe.Bloggs' -w 'p@ssw0rd' '(sAMAccountName=joe.bloggs)'
decoding Active Directory date format
ldapsearch -v -H ldap:// -x -D cn=,cn=,dc=,dc= -w -b ou=,dc=,dc= -s sub sAMAccountName=* '*' | perl -pne 's/(\d{11})\d{7}/"DATE-AD(".scalar(localtime($1-11644473600)).")"/e'
Dns the domain name system
resolve hostname to IP our vice versa with less output
resolveip -s www.freshmeat.net
Determine what version of bind is running on a dns server.
dig -t txt -c chaos VERSION.BIND @
flush cached dns lookups
ipconfig /flushdns
Check version of DNS Server
nslookup -q=txt -class=CHAOS version.bind NS.PHX5.NEARLYFREESPEECH.NET
gets the bare ip(s) of a domain
dig commandlinefu.com | sed -nr 's/^[^;].*?\s([.0-9]{7,15})$/\1/ p'
Get MX records for a domain
host -t mx foo.org
Reverse DNS lookups
sed 's/\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\).in-addr.arpa domain name pointer\(.*\)\./\4.\3.\2.\1\5/' \ lookups.txt
DNS cache snooping
for i in `cat names.txt`; do host -r $i [nameserver]; done
Check if a .no domain is available
check_dns_no() { for i in $* ; do if `wget -O - -q http://www.norid.no/domenenavnbaser/whois/?query=$i.no | grep "no match" &>/dev/null` ; then echo $i.no "available" ; fi ; sleep 1 ;done }
Get your public ip using dyndns
curl -s http://checkip.dyndns.org/ | grep -o "[[:digit:].]\+"
Get fully qualified domain names (FQDNs) for IP address with
NAME=$(nslookup $IP | sed -n 's/.*arpa.*name = \(.*\)/\1/p'); test -z "$NAME" && NAME="NO_NAME"; echo "$NAME"
Get your external IP address if your machine has a DNS entry
host $HOSTNAME|cut -d' ' -f4
Get your external IP address if your machine has a DNS entry
curl www.whatismyip.com/automation/n09230945.asp
Perform a reverse DNS lookup
dig -x 74.125.45.100
Get your public ip using dyndns
curl -s 'http://www.loopware.com/ip.php'
Check reverse DNS
dig -x {IP}
Check reverse DNS
dig +short -x {ip}
Update your OpenDNS network ip
wget -q --user= --password= 'https://updates.opendns.com/nic/update?hostname=your_opendns_hostname& myip=your_ip' -O -
Update dyndns.org with your external IP.
curl -v -k -u user:password "https://members.dyndns.org/nic/update?hostname= &myip=$(curl -s http://checkip.dyndns.org | sed 's/[a-zA-Z<>/ :]//g')&wildcard=NOCHG&mx=NOCHG&backmx=NOCHG"
Check reverse DNS
host {checkIp or hostname} [dns server]
Get MX records for a domain
dig foo.org mx +short
Short and sweet output from dig(1)
alias ds='dig +noauthority +noadditional +noqr +nostats +noidentify +nocmd +noquestion +nocomments'
Get your external IP address if your machine has a DNS entry
dig +short $HOSTNAME
List of reverse DNS records for a subnet
nmap -R -sL 209.85.229.99/27 | awk '{if($3=="not")print"("$2") no PTR";else print$3" is "$2}' | grep '('
Reading usenet news
read news using the server 'nntp.aioe.org' (for example)
slrn -h nntp.aioe.org
news reading programs
.. slrn, in active development
.. alpine, a mail and news program
.. mutt, another mail and news program
.. nn,
.. tin,
..
Web servers
set an HTTP redirect to listen on port 80
while [ 0 ]; do echo -e "HTTP/1.1 302 Found\nLocation: http://www.whatevs.com/index.html" | nc -vvvv -l -p 80; done
Apache
....
Simple list of apache2 virtualhosts
/usr/sbin/apache2ctl -S
Count how many times a certain referer appears in your apache log
Q="reddit|digg"; F=*.log; awk -F\" '{print $4}' $F | egrep $Q | wc -l
Search for specific IPs taken from a text file within the apache
grep -E ":(`cat bnd-ips.txt | sed 's/\./\\./g' | tr '\n' '|'`)" access.log
benchmark web server with apache benchmarking tool
ab -n 9000 -c 900 localhost:8080/index.php
Analyse compressed Apache access logs for the most commonly
zcat access_log.*.gz | awk '{print $7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail -n 20
Who has the most Apache connections.
netstat -anl | grep :80 | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d ":" -f 1 | uniq -c | sort -n | grep -c IPHERE
Summarize Apache Extended server-status to show longest running
links --dump 1 http://localhost/server-status|grep ^[0-9]|awk 'BEGIN {print "Seconds, PID, State, IP, Domain, TYPE, URL\n--"} $4 !~ /[GCRK_.]/ {print $6, $2, $4, $11, $12, $13 " " $14|"sort -n"}'
grep apache access.log and list IP's by hits and date - sorted
grep Mar/2009 /var/log/apache2/access.log | awk '{ print $1 }' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -rn | head
show Apache memory usage
ps auxf | grep httpd | grep -v grep | grep -v defunct | awk '{sum=sum+$6}; END {print sum/1024}'
How much RAM is Apache using?
ps -o rss -C httpd | tail -n +2 | (sed 's/^/x+=/'; echo x) | bc
Know which modules are loaded on an Apache server
apache2 -t -D DUMP_MODULES
Get list of all Apache Virtual Host and which is default for each
httpd -S
web-serve files in the current folder tree accessible at http://$HOSTNAME:8000/
python -m SimpleHTTPServer ##(this is the simplest webserver setup)
Top 10 requestors arranged by IP address from Apache/NCSA Logs
awk '{print $1}' /var/log/httpd/access_log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rnk1 | head -n 10
Www the world wide web
view the urls in the file 'eg.txt'
wget www.dmoz.org/Computers/ -Oeg.txt; urlview eg.txt
convert an html file into valid xml
tidy -asxhtml -numeric < index.html > index.xml
rapidshare download script in 200 characters
u=`curl -d 'dl.start=Free' $(curl $1|perl -wpi -e 's/^.*"(http:\/\/rs.*)" method.*$/$1/'|egrep '^http'|head -n1)|grep "Level(3) \#2"|perl -wpi -e 's/^.*(http:\/\/rs[^\\\\]*).*$/$1/'`;sleep 60;wget $u
Check your unread Gmail from the command line
curl -u username:password --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | tr -d '\n' | awk -F '' '{for (i=2; i<=NF; i++) {print $i}}' | sed -n "s/\(.*\)<\/title.*name>\(.*\)<\/name>.*/\2 - \1/p"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Twitpic upload and Tweet</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl --form username=from_twitter --form password=from_twitter --form media=@/path/to/image --form-string "message=tweet" http://twitpic.com/api/uploadAndPost</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check site ssl certificate dates</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo | openssl s_client -connect www.google.com:443 2>/dev/null |openssl x509 -dates -noout</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Parallel file downloading with wget</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -nv http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux -O- | egrep -o "http://[^[:space:]]*.jpg" | xargs -P 10 -r -n 1 wget -nv</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search Google from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -A Mozilla http://www.google.com/search?q=test |html2text -width 80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Log your internet download speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $(date +%s) > start-time; URL=http://www.google.com; while true; do echo $(curl -L --w %{speed_download} -o/dev/null -s $URL) >> bps; sleep 10; done &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if a domain is available and get the answer in just one</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> whois domainnametocheck.com | grep match</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>count the appearance of a word or a string in a given webpage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q -O- PAGE_URL | grep -o 'WORD_OR_STRING' | wc -w</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creating shortened URLs from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://tinyurl.com/create.php?url=http://<website.url>/ | sed -n 's/.*\(http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/[a-z0-9][a-z0-9]*\).*/\1/p' | uniq</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Manually Pause/Unpause Firefox Process with POSIX-Signals</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> killall -STOP -m firefox</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract all urls from the last firefox<a href="sessionstore.js"><em><code>sessionstore.js</code></em></a> used.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -e 's/{"url":/\n&/g' ~/.mozilla/firefox/*/sessionstore.js | cut -d\" -f4</pre>
<p>
<h3>Downloading from the web </h3><hr>....
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> web mirroring
.. httrack - more interactive than wget
.. wget
<p>
<strong><em>Run remote web page, but don't save the results</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -O /dev/null http://www.google.com</pre>
<p>
<h3>Comic strips online </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>View the newest xkcd comic.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget `lynx --dump http://xkcd.com/|grep png`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display the 'dilbert' comic strip of the day </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> display http://dilbert.com$(curl -s dilbert.com|grep -Po '"\K/dyn/str_strip(/0+){4}/.*strip.[^\.]*\.gif')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>whois surfing my web ?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch lsof -i :80</pre>
<p>
<h3>Css cascading style sheets </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Awk one-liner that sorts a css file by selector</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '/.*{$/{s[$1]=z[$1]=j+0}{l[j++]=$0}END{asorti(s);for(v in s){while(l[z[s[v]]]!~/}$/)print l[z[s[v]]++];print"}"ORS}}'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Twitter </h3><hr>....
<p>
The microblogging website has become strangely popular.
<p>
<strong><em>Update twitter from command line without reveal your password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -n -d status='Hello from cli' https://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your Tweets from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s -u user:password 'http://twitter.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml?count=5' | xmlstarlet sel -t -m '//status' -v 'user/screen_name' -o ': ' -v 'text' -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print trending topics on Twitter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget http://search.twitter.com/trends.json -O - --quiet | ruby -rubygems -e 'require "json";require "yaml"; puts YAML.dump(JSON.parse($stdin.gets))'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check if it is possible to connect to twitter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget http://twitter.com/help/test.json -q -O -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>another tweet function to view statuses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tweet () { curl -u UserName -d status="$*" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>speak the last 3 tweets on mac os</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s -u user:password http://twitter.com/statuses/friends_timeline.rss | grep title | sed -ne 's/<\/*title>//gp' | head -n 4 | say -v Bruce</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send tweets to twitter (and get user details)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl --basic --user "user:pass" --data-ascii "status=tweeting%20from%20%the%20linux%20command%20line" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.json</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Update twitter via curl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u user:pass -d status="Tweeting from the shell" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print trending topics on Twitter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s search.twitter.com | awk -F'</?[^>]+>' '/\/intra\/trend\//{print $2}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print trending topics on Twitter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl --silent search.twitter.com | sed -n '/div id=\"hot\"/,/div/p' | awk -F\> '{print $2}' | awk -F\< '{print $1}' | sed '/^$/d'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Firefox </h3><hr>....
<p>
The firefox browser is an important piece of software.
<p>
<strong><em>how to run firefox in safe mode from command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> firefox --safe-mode</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run the firefox profile manager (which manages default settings)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> firefox -no-remote -P</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view what percentage of memory firefox is using</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -o %mem= -C firefox-bin | sed -s 's/\..*/%/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract all urls from last firefox sessionstore</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -lne 'print for /url":"\K[^"]+/g' $(ls -t ~/.mozilla/firefox/*/sessionstore.js | sed q)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>release firefox from a still running message</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm ~/.mozilla/firefox/<profile_dir>/.parentlock</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List recorded formular fields of Firefox incomplete??</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd ~/.mozilla/firefox/ && sqlite3 $(cat profiles.ini | grep Path )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Cleanup firefox's database.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/Library/Application\ Support/Firefox/ -type f -name "*.sqlite" -exec sqlite3 {} VACUUM \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Speed up launch of firefox</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -name '*.sqlite' -exec sqlite3 '{}' 'VACUUM;' \;</pre>
<p>
<h3>Graphical web browsers</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> some graphical browsers
.. galeon - a small browser for gnome
.. seamonkey
.. iceweasel - debian firefox
.. abrowser - unbranded firefox
.. dillo - a very small browser
..
<p>
<h3>Text mode web surfing </h3><hr>....
<p>
Text-mode web surfing means using a program running from a 'console'
'terminal' or 'command-line' to view web-pages. This generally means
that it is not possible to view the images contained in the web-pages,
only the text. While this is aesthetically inferior, it is faster and
sometimes more useful and less distracting.
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> web browsers
.. lynx - the classic text mode browser, debian: lynx, lynx-cur
.. elinks - displays utf8, menus, bad default colours
.. w3m - very strange key bindings, japanese oriented
.. links - doesnt seem to have utf8 support
<p>
<strong><em>a text mode browser with table support </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> links ##(press <f9> to set a menu of options)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a lynx macro by recording a session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -cmd_log logfilename</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>the '-cmd_log' switch should go after a starting page </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx www.xx.net -cmd_log logfile ##(this works)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -cmd_log logfile www.xx.net ##(doesnt work!)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>replay a macro recorded with the -cmd_log switch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -cmd_script=/path/to/logfilename</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make lynx accept all cookies (also setable in the configuration file)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -accept_all_cookies www.xx.net</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>w3m can display tables and with "w3m-img" images</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> w3m</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only text, with underscores, of the previous URL, and save it to the file 'winter_dreams', type (all on one line):</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump -nolist -underscore http://www.utas.edu.au/ > winter_dreams </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the pure text, with underscores, of the previous URL in a Times Roman font, type (all on one line):</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump -nolist -underscore http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/winterd/winter.html | enscript -B</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the 'new york times' archive with user-name and password 'cypherpunks'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -auth=cypherpunks:cypherpunks http://www.nytimes.com/archive/ </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>save the URL <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/archive/">www.nytimes.com/archive/</a> as an annotated text file, 'mynews' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump -number_links -auth=cypherpunks:cypherpunks www.nytimes.com/archive/ > mynews </pre>
<p>
If you want a lynx file to go to a webpage through a password form,
then dont press 'q' quit at the end of the recording or else this
will be included in the macro. Quit lynx with control-c instead.
<p>
@@ <a href="http://www.timvw.be/listen-to-online-radio/" <a href="http://www.timvw.be/listen-to-online-radio/</a>">http://www.timvw.be/listen-to-online-radio/</a></a>
<p>
<h3>Email electronic mail</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort a one-per-line list of email address, weeding out duplicates</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 's/[ \t]*$//' < emails.txt | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' | sort | uniq > emails_sorted.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>extract email adresses from some file (or any other pattern)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -Eio '([[:alnum:]_.-]+@[[:alnum:]_.-]+?\.[[:alpha:].]{2,6})'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Connect to SMTP server using STARTTLS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl s_client -starttls smtp -crlf -connect 127.0.0.1:25</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Email HTML content</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mailx bar@foo.com -s "HTML Hello" -a "Content-Type: text/html" < body.htm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Block the 6700 worst spamhosts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q -O - http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/ | grep ^127 >> /etc/hosts</pre>
<p>
<h3>Alpine </h3><hr>....
<p>
Alpine is a 'console' based (curses) email client, allegedly used
by linus torvalds. It uses the pico text editor to edit mail.
<p>
<h3>Mutt </h3><hr>....
<p>
@@ <a href="http://www.mutt.org" <a href="http://www.mutt.org</a>">http://www.mutt.org</a></a>
the official site.
<p>
Mutt is apparently in active development. (Mutt 1.5.20 was released on
June 14, 2009). Mutt uses an external text editor to edit mail
<p>
<strong><em>Send email with one or more binary attachments</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "Body goes here" | mutt -s "A subject" -a /path/to/file.tar.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create mails array from .mutt-alias file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> muttlst(){ for i in $*;do mails+=($(grep -wi "$i" .mutt-alias|awk '{print $NF}'));done;}</pre>
<p>
<h3>Webmail </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Check your unread Gmail from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u username --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if /<name>/; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/\1>/;'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Attachments </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Decode a MIME message</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> munpack file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a local file via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "see attached file" | mail -a filename -s "subject" email@address</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a binary file as an attachment to an email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uuencode archive.tar.gz archive.tar.gz | mail -s "Emailing: archive.tar.gz" user@example.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a local file as an attachment via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mutt you@mailserver.com -s "Message Subject Here" -a attachment.jpg </dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a local file via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mpack -s "Backup: $file" "$file" email@id.com</pre>
<p>
<h3>Email addresses </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>extract email adresses from some file (or any other pattern)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -Eio '([[:alnum:]_.]+@[[:alnum:]_]+?\.[[:alpha:].]{2,6})' file.html</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Move all but the newest 100 emails to a gzipped archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find $MAILDIR/ -type f -printf '%T@ %p\n' | sort --reverse | sed -e '{ 1,100d; s/[0-9]*\.[0-9]* \(.*\)/\1/g }' | xargs -i sh -c "cat {}&&rm -f {}" | gzip -c >>ARCHIVE.gz</pre>
<p>
<h3>Smtp protocol </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>python smtp server</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create AUTH PLAIN string to test SMTP AUTH session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf '\!:1\0\!:1\0\!:2' | mmencode | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/^/AUTH PLAIN /'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Older mail systems </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>send an email message to lisa@example.com</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mail lisa@example.com </pre>
Subject: Hello
Hi there, long time no talk! I'm just learning how to use
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>send an email message to user mrs on your local system</em></strong>
mail mrs
Subject: are you going to the party tonight?
C-d
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>mail the contents of the text file 'trades' to the email address terrapin@example.com</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mail terrapin@example.com < trades </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mail the text of the URL [28 <a href="http://etext.org/" <a href="http://etext.org/</a>">http://etext.org/</a></a> as annotated text</em></strong>
to the email address droneon@example.com
<pre class="codeline"> mail droneon@example.com < lynx -dump -number_links</pre>
http://etext.org/
<p>
<strong><em>insert a copy of the current mail message into the body of the</em></strong>
message you are writing, and then open the message in the default
text editor
~f
<p>
<strong><em>output the location of your INBOX</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $MAIL </pre>
Usually, the INBOX location is in the '/var/spool/mail' directory, and
has the same name as your username -- so if your username is mrs, your
<p>
<strong><em>see if you have mail</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mail </pre>
Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/m": 3 messages 3 new
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>read the next unread message in mail</em></strong>
&
<p>
<strong><em>read message number three in mail</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> & 3 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>exit mail and revert your INBOX to its state before you started mail</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> & x </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>delete the message you just read</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> & d </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>delete message 3</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> & d3 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>delete messages 10 through 14</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> & d10-14 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the mail folder '~/email/mrs' in elm</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> elm -f ~/email/mrs </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the contents of all of the email folders in your '~/email' directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat ~/email/* > allmessages </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> elm -f allmessages </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>turn biff on</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> biff y ##(or put in .bashrc)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>see what biff is set to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> biff </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>see also xbiff,</em></strong>
<p>
<strong><em>see how many email messages you have waiting</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> messages </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>count the number of email messages in the mail folder</em></strong>
'~/email/saved'
<pre class="codeline"> messages ~/email/saved </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list showing sender names and subjects of your incoming mail</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> frm </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list with sender names and subjects in the file '~/email/saved'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> frm ~/email/saved </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>verify that the email address user@example.edu is valid</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vrfy user@example.edu </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>verify all of the email addresses contained in the file 'mail-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vrfy -f mail-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mail the JPEG file 'dream.jpeg' in the current directory to dali@example.org</em></strong>
metasend
To: dali@example.org
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>view the current history log with lynx</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx ~/.browser-history/history-log.html </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find URLs visited in the year 2000 titles containing the word 'Confessions'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zgrep Confessions ~/.browser-history/history-log-2000* </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>open the URL <a href="http://www.drudgereport.com/">www.drudgereport.com/</a> in Mozilla from a shell script</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mozilla -remote 'openURL(http://www.drudgereport.com/)'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>go back to the last URL you visited</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> type [ALT] [<-],</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>forward to the next URL in your history,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> type [ALT] [->].</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>open your bookmarks file in a new window, type [ALT]-b.</em></strong>
<p>
<strong><em>archive the Web site at <a href="http://dougal.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/," <a href="http://dougal.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/,</a>">http://dougal.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/,</a></a> only archiving the '/~mbt' directory, and writing log messages to a file called 'uk.log'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -m -t3 -I /~mbt http://dougal.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add 'HEIGHT' and `WIDTH' parameters to the file `index.html',</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> imgsizer index.html </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse the file 'index.html' with its HTML tags removed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unhtml index.html | less </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove the HTML tags from 'index.html' and put the output in 'index.txt'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unhtml index.html > index.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a copy of <a href="http://example.com/essay/" <a href="http://example.com/essay/</a>">http://example.com/essay/</a></a> in typescript manuscript form</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump -underscore -nolist http://example.com/essay/ | pr -d | enscript -B </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a PostScript copy of the document at the URL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> html2ps http://example.com/essay/ | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write a copy of the document at the URL with all hypertext links underlined</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> html2ps -u -o submission.ps http://example.com/essay/ </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>validate the HTML in the file 'index.html'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> weblint index.html </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>connect to the system kanga.ins.cwru.edu</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> telnet kanga.ins.cwru.edu </pre>
Trying 129.22.8.32...
Connected to kanga.INS.CWRU.Edu.
<p>
<strong><em>disconnect from a remote Linux system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> C-d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>temporarily return to a local shell prompt</em></strong>
faraway-system$ C-[
telnet> z
<p>
<strong><em>return to the remote system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fg </pre>
faraway-system$
In the first of the two preceding examples, the escape character C-[
<p>
<strong><em>make an anonymous ftp connection to ftp.leo.org</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ftp ftp.leo.org </pre>
Connected to ftp.leo.org.
220-Welcome to LEO.ORG.
<p>
<strong><em>change to the '/pub' directory on the remote system and look at</em></strong>
the files that are there
ftp> cd /pub
250 Directory changed to /pub.
<p>
<strong><em>put a copy of the file 'thyme.rcp' from the current directory on</em></strong>
the local system to the current directory of the remote system,
type:<br/>
ftp> put thyme.rcp
<p>
<strong><em>change to the parent directory of the current directory on the</em></strong>
local system
ftp> lcd ..
Local directory now /home/james/demos
<p>
<strong><em>download the file 'INDEX.gz' in the current directory on the</em></strong>
remote system, saving it to your '~/tmp' directory
ftp> lcd ~/tmp
Local directory now /home/james/tmp
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of all newsgroups that match the pattern</em></strong>
'society'
<pre class="codeline"> nngrep society </pre>
Use the '-u' option to only search through unsubscribed groups. This is
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of all unsubscribed-to newsgroups that match the</em></strong>
pattern 'society'
<pre class="codeline"> nngrep society </pre>
In the previous example, if you were already subscribed to the group
<p>
<p>
<h3>The ppp protocol</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>start a PPP connection</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pon </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>stop a PPP session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> poff </pre>
<p>
<h3>Sending and receiving faxes</h3><hr>
<p>
Debian: 'efax'
<p>
<strong><em>fax a copy of the file 'resume.txt' to the number `555-9099', using DTMF tone dialing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> efax -d /dev/modem -t T555-9099 resume.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>fax all of the files with the '.fax' extension in the current directory to the number '555-9099', using DTMF tone dialing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> efax -d /dev/modem -t T555-9099 *.fax </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>fax all of the files listed in the file 'fax.list' to the number '555-9099', dialing `9' first to obtain an outside line, and using DTMF tone dialing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> efax -d /dev/modem -t T9,555-9099 $(cat fax.list) </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set up efax to receive an incoming fax, saving the session log</em></strong>
to a file, 'faxlog'
<pre class="codeline"> efax -d /dev/modem -kZ -w -iS0=1 2>&1 >> faxlog </pre>
This command starts efax and sets up the modem to wait for an incoming
<p>
<strong><em>automatically receive any incoming fax messages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> faxon </pre>
efax: Wed Feb 24 08:38:52 1999 efax v 0.8a (Debian release 08a-6)
Copyright 1996 Ed Casas
<p>
<strong><em>convert the file 'chart.pbm' for faxing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> efix -i pbm chart.pbm > chart.fax </pre>
This command converts a copy of the file 'chart.pbm' to the `tiffg3'
fax format, writing it to a file called 'chart.fax'. The original PBM
<p>
<strong><em>convert the PostScript file 'resume.ps' to fax format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gs -q -sDEVICE=tiffg3 -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -sOutputFile=resume.fax resume.ps < /dev/null </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert '19990325.001', a received fax file, to a PostScript file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> efix -o ps 19990325.001 > received.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dial the number '368-2208'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ATDT3682208 </pre>
<p>
<h3>Remote shells</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a backdoor on a machine to allow remote connection to bash</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /bin/bash | nc -l 1234 ##(rather unwise...)</pre>
<p>
<h3>Ssh </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Script executes itself on another host with one ssh command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [ $1 == "client" ] && hostname || cat $0 | ssh $1 /bin/sh -s client</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>connect via ssh using mac address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo arp -s 192.168.1.200 00:35:cf:56:b2:2g temp && ssh root@192.168.1.200</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ssh and attach to a screen in one line.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -t user@host screen -x <screen name></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Forward port 8888 to remote machine for SOCKS Proxy</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -D 8888 user@site.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy ssh keys to user@host to enable password-less ssh logins.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh-copy-id user@host</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Attach screen over ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -t remote_host screen -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>login to an ssh server as root 'root@server.net'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias s='ssh -l root'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Ssh tunnels </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>start a tunnel from some machine's port 80 to your local port 2001</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -N -L2001:localhost:80 somemachine</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>plink ssh connect</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> plink lyu0@mysshserver -pw 123456</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Transfer large files/directories with no overhead over ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh user@host "cd targetdir; tar cfp - *" | dd of=file.tar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create an SSH connection (reverse tunnel) through your firewall.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -R 2001:localhost:22 username@<remote server ip></pre>
<p>
<h3>Ssh keys </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>create an alias to logon to the sourceforge shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias sfshell='ssh -t user,project@shell.sourceforge.net create'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy your SSH public key on a remote machine for passwordless access</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat ~/.ssh/*.pub | ssh user@remote-system 'umask 077; cat >>.ssh/authorized_keys'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove invalid key from the known_hosts file for the IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh-keygen -R `host hostname | cut -d " " -f 4`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove invalid host keys from ~/.ssh/known_hosts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh-keygen -R \[localhost\]:8022</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SSH connection through host in the middle</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -t reachable_host ssh unreachable_host</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ssh autocomplete on the known hosts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> complete -W "$(echo `cut -f 1 -d ' ' ~/.ssh/known_hosts | sed -e s/,.*//g | uniq | grep -v "\["`;)" ssh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find the difference between two nodes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> diff <(ssh nx915000 "rpm -qa") <(ssh nx915001 "rpm -qa")</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy something to multiple SSH hosts with a Bash loop</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for h in host1 host2 host3 host4 ; { scp file user@h$:/path/; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Setup a persistant SSH tunnel w/ pre-shared key authentication</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> autossh -f -i /path/to/key -ND local-IP:PORT User@Server</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>live ssh network throughput test</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pv /dev/zero|ssh $host 'cat > /dev/null'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>setup a tunnel from destination machine port 80 to localhost 2001,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -N -L2001:localhost:80 -o "ProxyCommand ssh someuser@hubmachine nc -w 5 %h %p" someuser@destinationmachine</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Enter your ssh password one last time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh server.net "[ -d .ssh ] || mkdir .ssh ; cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>open a seperate konsole tab and ssh to each of N servers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(cat listofservers.txt); do konsole --new-tab -e ssh $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>browse files on an ssh server</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mc</pre>
<p>
<p>
<h3>Expect</h3><hr>
<p>
Expect is a useful tool to allow the scripting of tasks
which would normally require some user interaction. Expect
includes its own simple scripting language. Expect is available
on the majority of unix type operating systems, including
Mac OSX.
<p>
Entire books exist about expect, Expect is an extension to
the 'tcl' language.
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> expect related tools
.. expectk - a graphical front end
.. autoexpect - create a script from an interactive session
..
<p>
<strong><em>set the variable 'x' to the value 30</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> set x 30</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a script timeout after 20 seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> set timeout 20</pre>
<p>
The above is useful when interacting with servers which
may not respond.
<p>
<strong><em>start the 'ssh' program from within an expect script</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> spawn ssh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>wait for the program spawn to say exactly "hello!"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expect "hello!"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>wait for the program spawned to say anything with boggle in it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expect "*boggle*"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send the response "yes" to the spawned program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> send "yes\n"</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> send "yes\r" ##(more or less the same)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> send yes\r ##(also possible, but not always)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>escape a '-' character in a send command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> send "/-4.5\n"</pre>
<p>
If we just wrote 'send "-4.5\n"' then expect would think
that -4 was a flag and would crash
<p>
<strong><em>a simple expect script</em></strong>
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 20
set name [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set password [lindex $argv 2]
spawn telnet $name
expect "login:"
send "$user "
expect "Password:"
send "$password "
interact # hands interaction to the user
,,,
<p>
<h3>The shell</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>set command line editing in the 'vi' mode </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> set -o vi ##(gives "vi" like command line editing keystrokes)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> set -o emacs ##(return to the default mode) </pre>
<p>
<h3>Ram memory </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>View memory utilisation</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sar -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>free swap</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> free -b | grep "Swap:" | sed 's/ * / /g' | cut -d ' ' -f2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the ratio between ram usage and swap usage.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sysctl -a | grep vm.swappiness</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor memory usage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch vmstat -sSM</pre>
<p>
<h3>Virtual memory </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Add temporary swap space</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=64; chmod 600 /swapfile; mkswap /swapfile; swapon /swapfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clean swap area after using a memory hogging application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> swapoff -a ; swapon -a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>vmstat/iostat with timestamp</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vmstat 1 | awk '{now=strftime("%Y-%m-%d %T "); print now $0}'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Disks</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>check free disk space and display sizes in an easy to read format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> df -h</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show file and directory sizes for the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -sh * </pre>
<p>
<h3>Hard disk partitions </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>list all hd partitions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '/d.[0-9]/{print $4}' /proc/partitions</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show disk partitions and sizes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo fdisk -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gparted: to repartition a disk</em></strong>
<p>
<h3>Serial connections </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Test a serial connection</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> host A: cat /proc/dev/ttyS0 host B: echo hello > /dev/ttyS0</pre>
<p>
<h3>The network</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Network Information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ntop</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>restart network manager</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Consolle based network interface monitor</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ethstatus -i eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display ncurses based network monitor</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nload -u m eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -lantp | grep -i stab | awk -F/ '{print $2}' | sort | uniq</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor RX/TX packets and any subsquent errors</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch 'netstat -aniv'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Most simple way to get a list of open ports</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -lnp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>eth-tool summary of eth# devices</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for M in 0 1 2 3 ; do echo eth$M ;/sbin/ethtool eth$M | grep -E "Link|Speed" ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check the status of a network interface</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mii-tool [if]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all active IP addresses in a network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> arp-scan -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a persistent connection to a machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -MNf <user>@<host></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>directly ssh to host B that is only accessible through host A</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -t hostA ssh hostB</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all programs on UDP and TCP ports with timer information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -putona</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ping the host bfi.org</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ping bfi.org </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mtr, better than traceroute and ping combined</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mtr google.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lists all listening ports together with the PID of the associated</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -tlnp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>finger the user bradley@ap.spl.org</em></strong>
finger bradley@ap.spl.org
[ap.spl.org]
Login: bradley Name: Bradley J Milton
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>output the users who are currently logged in to the system ap.spl.org</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> finger @ap.spl.org </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find the IP address of the host linart.net</em></strong>
<p>
dig linart.net
...output messages...
;; ANSWER SECTION:<br/>
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>find the host name that corresponds to the IP address 216.92.9.215</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dig -x 216.92.9.215 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the name of the Whois Server for linart.net</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> whois linart.net </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the domain record for linart.net, using the whois.networksolutions.com </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> whois -h whois.networksolutions.com linart.net </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send the message 'get up!' to the terminal where user 'sleepy' is logged in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> write sleepy get up </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the contents of '/etc/motd' to all logged-in terminals,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wall /etc/motd </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the text 'hello?' to all logged-in terminals</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wall hello? </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>disallow messages to be written to your terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mesg n </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the current access state of your terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mesg </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>request a chat with the user kat@kent.edu</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> talk kat@kent.edu </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view network traffic with protocols: wireshark</em></strong>
<p>
<strong><em>find which tcp ports are currently in use</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof | grep TCP ##(lsof lists all open unix 'files' including pipes)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>lots of detailed information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lshw -C Network</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>restart the gnome graphical network manager apple</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo restart network-manager</pre>
<p>
<h3>Analysing the network </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>make an alias (command) to ping a yahoo server without any dns</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias testnet='ping 69.147.114.224' </pre>
##(this can determine if the problem is dns or tcpip)
<p>
<strong><em>Router discovery</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo arp-scan 192.168.1.0/24 -interface eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all machines on the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap 192.168.0-1.0-255 -sP</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Localize provenance of current established connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(netstat --inet -n|grep ESTA|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d: -f1);do geoiplookup $i;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the number and type of active network connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -ant | awk '{print $NF}' | grep -v '[a-z]' | sort | uniq -c</pre>
<p>
<h3>Sniffing network traffic</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Remotely sniff traffic and pass to snort</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh root@pyramid \ "tcpdump -nn -i eth1 -w -" | snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -r -</pre>
<p>
<h3>Tcpip ports </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>List all TCP opened ports on localhost in LISTEN mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -nptl</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>which program is this port belongs to ?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -i tcp:80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all opened ports on host</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -p 1-65535 --open localhost</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all opened ports on host</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo lsof -P -i -n -sTCP:LISTEN</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -lantp | grep -i establ | awk -F/ '{print $2}' | sort | uniq</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Port Knocking!</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> knock <host> 3000 4000 5000 && ssh -p <port> user@host && knock <host> 5000 4000 3000</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ss -p</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>netcat as a portscanner</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc -v -n -z -w 1 127.0.0.1 22-1000</pre>
<p>
<h3>Ip addresses </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Get My Public IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - http://myip.dk/ | egrep -m1 -o '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>What is my ip?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s checkip.dyndns.org | grep -Eo '[0-9\.]+'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>What is my ip? (hardened)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl --connect-timeout 3 http://www.whatismyip.org/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>geoip information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> GeoipLookUp(){ curl -A "Mozilla/5.0" -s "http://www.geody.com/geoip.php?ip=$1" | grep "^IP.*$1" | html2text; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get My Public IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://whatismyip.org/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display ip address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://myip.dk | grep '<title>' | sed -e 's/<[^>]*>//g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Filter IPs out of files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep -o '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' file.txt</pre>
<p>
<h3>Dhcp dynamic host control protocol </h3><hr>....
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> tools
.. dhclient - sets up a dhcp client from the command line
..
<p>
<strong><em>get IPs with a DHCP lease</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep "^lease" /var/lib/dhcp/db/dhcpd.leases |awk '{ print $2 }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>randomize hostname and mac address, force dhcp renew. (for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dhclient -r && rm -f /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient* && sed "s=$(hostname)=REPLACEME=g" -i /etc/hosts && hostname "$(echo $RANDOM | md5sum | cut -c 1-7 | tr a-z A-Z)" && sed "s=REPLACEME=$(hostname)=g" -i /etc/hosts && macchanger -e eth0 && dhclient</pre>
<p>
<h3>Ping </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>ping a range of IP addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -sP 192.168.1.100-254</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ping a host until it responds, then play a sound, then exit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> beepwhenup () { echo 'Enter host you want to ping:'; read PHOST; if [[ "$PHOST" == "" ]]; then exit; fi; while true; do ping -c1 -W2 $PHOST 2>&1 >/dev/null; if [[ "$?" == "0" ]]; then for j in $(seq 1 4); do beep; done; ping -c1 $PHOST; break; fi; done; }</pre>
<p>
<h3>Ifconfig </h3><hr>....
<p>
@@ <a href="http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2006/11/ifconfig-dissected-and-demystified.html" <a href="http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2006/11/ifconfig-dissected-and-demystified.html</a>">http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2006/11/ifconfig-dissected-and-demystified.html</a></a>
how to use ifconfig
<p>
<strong><em>setup ethernet network device specifying an ip address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 up</pre>
<p>
<h3>Proxy servers </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Create a single-use TCP proxy with debug output to stderr</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> socat -v tcp4-l:<port> tcp4:<host>:<port></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a single-use TCP (or UDP) proxy</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc -l -p 2000 -c "nc example.org 3000"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Mac addresses </h3><hr>....
<p>
A 'mac' address is a unique number associated with a given
network interface on a computer. A network interface is a wireless card,
ethernet card, modem, etc. No 2 network devices in the world have
the same mac address, or at least shouldnt.
<p>
@@ <a href="http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/09/how-to-change-mac-address-of-your.html" <a href="http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/09/how-to-change-mac-address-of-your.html</a>">http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2005/09/how-to-change-mac-address-of-your.html</a></a>
how to change ('spoof') the mac address for a given network device
on the local computer.
<p>
@@ deb: macchanger
a package to change the mac address for a given network
interface. this may not work with all wireless cards.
<p>
<strong><em>Determine MAC address of remote host when you know its IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> arping 192.168.1.2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Insert a colon between every two digits</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 's/\(..\)/\1:/g;s/:$//' mac_address_list</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find the mac address of all active network interfaces (wireless, ethernet ...)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the mac address to ip table for the local computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> arp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Resets your MAC to a random MAC address to make you harder to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ran=$(head /dev/urandom | md5sum); MAC=00:07:${ran:0:2}:${ran:3:2}:${ran:5:2}:${ran:7:2}; sudo ifconfig wlan0 down hw ether $MAC; sudo ifconfig wlan0 up; echo ifconfig wlan0:0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change or 'spoof' the mac address of the ethernet network device</em></strong>
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:80:48:BA:d1:30
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth0 | grep HWaddr
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>change the mac address for the wireless card 'wlan0' to the specified</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> macchanger --mac 00:00:13:37:00:00 wlan0 </pre>
##(this only works if the wireless card driver supports the operation)
<p>
<h3>Monitoring network bandwidth </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>watch data usage on eth0</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch ifconfig eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>monitor bandwith and data transfer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables, bmon, vnstat, ntop, bwm-ng, iftop, iptraf, darkstat, mrtg ...</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output bmon data as html</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bmon -O html:path=/home/var/www/html/data/bmon</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a new database with data about the eth0 (ethernet interface)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vnstat -u -i eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>store data about the 'ppp0' interface (a modem, or wireless usb dongle) etc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo vnstat -u -i ppp0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show an ascii graph of data transfer by the hour </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vnstat -h</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>look for the number of RX bytes and TX bytes of the active interface</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig</pre>
<p>
<h3>Network configuration </h3><hr>....
<p>
udp uses no acknowledgement
used by: tftp (trivial file transfer protocol)
, snmp (simple network manage protocol), dhcp, dns
uses port numbers
uses ip
the only improvement on ip are port numbers
<p>
<strong><em>tcpdump, ethereal to see network traffic</em></strong>
<p>
<strong><em>monitor the ethernet network traffic</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while :; do netstat -in | grep ath0 ; sleep 1 ; done </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show network interfaces</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip link show</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -in </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the routing table</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip route show</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>configure a network connection via dhcp</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dhclient</pre>
<p>
<h3>Wireless networks </h3><hr>....
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> tools
.. iwlist - show available wlans
.. iwgetid - shows interfaces
.. iwpriv
.. iwspy - show other lan clients
.. iwevent - monitor wlans
.. dhclient - set up dhcp clients
..
<p>
<strong><em>connect to a network called 'beach cafe' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwconfig etho essid "beach cafe"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>connect to the 'uconnect' network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwconfig eth0 essid uconnect</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>connect with a wep key</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwconfig eth0 essid uconnect key s:Password</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> iwconfig eth0 essid uconnect key 1fa24 ##(hex notation)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get a dhcp ip address from the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dhclient ##(run this after 'iwconfig')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the mac address of the access point</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwgetid -ap</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show available encryption algorithms</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwlist encryption</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show transmitter power </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwlist power</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the status of the wireless interface eth1</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwconfig eth1</pre>
<p>
If an ESSID:"name" appears then connected
<p>
<strong><em>show information about available wireless networks in range</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwlist scan</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view all networks reachable from the ra0 interface (wireless card) </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwlist ra0 scan</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>very mysterious</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iwpriv ??</pre>
<p>
<h3>Wireless security </h3><hr>....
<p>
@@ <a href="http://www.aircrack-ng.org" <a href="http://www.aircrack-ng.org</a>">http://www.aircrack-ng.org</a></a>
The official site
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> wireless security auditing programs
.. aircrack-ng, obtain wireless network passwords
.. kismet, see wireless networks in range and clients
..
<p>
<strong><em>sniff wireless traffic using the 'ra0' interface </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo airodump-ng ra0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Put the wireless card into monitor mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> airmon-ng start <interface> <channel></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>capture wireless packets on channel 11 from the given mac address </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> airodump-ng -c 11 --bssid 00:01:02:03:04:05 -w dump rausb0</pre>
##(the captured packets get written to a file prefixed 'dump')
##(>40000 packets should be captured in order to crack the key)
<p>
<strong><em>attempt to crack the wep key using captured data in 'dump-01.cap' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aircrack-ng -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 dump-01.cap</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use several captured data packet files using a wildcard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aircrack-ng -b 00:01:02:03:04:05 dump*.cap </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>test if the 'ra0' wireless card supports 'injection'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aireplay-ng -9 ra0 ##(or run with sudo) </pre>
##(injection is required for speeding up wireless attacks)
<p>
<h3>User and group accounts</h3><hr>
<p>
Unix style operating systems use user and group accounts to attempt to
control access to files, folders and other resources. The super-user on a
unix-style operating system is called the 'root' user
<p>
<h3>Users </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>find out who you logged onto the machine as</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> who am i</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out what users are logged onto the system </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> who</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display which user is running a process from a given port name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fuser -nu tcp 3691</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list what rights you will have after a 'sudo' command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quickly add user accounts to the system and force a password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for name in larry moe schemp; do useradd $name; echo 'password' | passwd --stdin $name; chage -d 0 $name; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add existing user to a group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> usermod -a -G groupname username</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list files not owned by any user or group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -nouser -o -nogroup -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list your group memberships</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> groups </pre>
##(prints 'steward galley crew')
<p>
<strong><em>list the group memberships of user blackbeard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> groups blackbeard </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of the members of the galley group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> members galley </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the group ownership of file 'cruise' to bridge</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chgrp bridge cruise </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>give group ownership of the 'maps' directory and all the files it contains to the bridge group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chgrp -R bridge maps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write-protect the file 'cruise' so that no other users can change it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod go-w cruise </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make the file 'cruise' private from all users but yourself</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod go= cruise </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make the file 'cruise' both world readable and world writable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod a+rw cruise </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>give execute permission to all users for the file 'myscript' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod a+x myscript </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a quick list of all user and group owners of files and dirs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find -printf '%u %g\n' | sort | uniq</pre>
<p>
Packages
@@ deb: acct
show information about users
@@ deb: quota
allows the administrator to place disk quotas on
users account
<p>
<strong><em>Remove executable bit from all files in the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . ! -type d -exec chmod -x {}\;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Switch to a user with "nologin" shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo -u username bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive chmod all files and directories within the current folder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod -R 774 .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a listing of all possible permissions and their octal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch /tmp/$$;for N in `seq -w 0 7777|grep -v [89]`; do chmod $N /tmp/$$; P=`ls -l /tmp/$$ | awk '{print $1}'`; echo $N $P; done;rm /tmp/$$</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all user accounts on the local computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/passwd </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/passwd | grep /home ##(shows only non-application users)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all groups and the user names that were in each group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for u in `cut -f1 -d: /etc/passwd`; do echo -n $u:; groups $u; done | sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add a new user account</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> adduser</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add a new group account</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> addgroup</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change ownership of a file to another user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chown</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the group ownership of a file or files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chgrp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print what groups a user belongs to </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> groups</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the password for the 'mjb' user account</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> passwd mjb</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all files on the computer owned by the 'bob' user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -user bob -ls</pre>
<p>
<h3>File permissions </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>give any files that don't already have it group read permission</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f ! -perm /g=r -exec chmod g+r {} +</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove executable bit from all files in the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod -R -x+X *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>recursively reset file or folder permissions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find public_html/stuff -type d -exec chmod 755 {} + -or -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change the ownership of all files owned by one user.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /home -uid 1056 -exec chown 2056 {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create directory and set owner/group/mode in one shot</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> install -o user -g group -m 0700 -d /path/to/newdir</pre>
<p>
<h3>Security</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Unix security checker</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tiger</pre>
<p>
<h3>Net security </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>find running binary executables that were installed irregularly </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list > /tmp/listin ; ls /proc/*/exe |xargs -l readlink | grep -xvFf /tmp/listin; rm /tmp/listin</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Scan Network for Rogue APs.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 --min-hostgroup 50 --max-rtt-timeout 2000 --initial-rtt-timeout 300 --max-retries 3 --host-timeout 20m --max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 10.0.0.0/8</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a backdoor on a machine to allow remote connection to bash</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc -vv -l -p 1234 -e /bin/bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find brute force attempts on SSHd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /var/log/secure | grep sshd | grep Failed | sed 's/invalid//' | sed 's/user//' | awk '{print $11}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<p>
<strong><em>Use a decoy while scanning ports to avoid getting caught by the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo nmap -sS 192.168.0.10 -D 192.168.0.2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Conficker Detection with NMAP</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -PN -d -p445 --script=smb-check-vulns --script-args=safe=1 IP-RANGES</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files with root setuids settings</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo find / -user root -perm -4000 -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Trojan inverse shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc -l -p 2000 -e /bin/bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check for login failures and summarize</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zgrep "Failed password" /var/log/auth.log* | awk '{print $9}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Block known dirty hosts from reaching your machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - http://infiltrated.net/blacklisted|awk '!/#|[a-z]/&&/./{print "iptables -A INPUT -s "$1" -j DROP"}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>retrieve top ip threats from <a href="http://isc.sans.<a" <a href="http://isc.sans.<a</a>">http://isc.sans.<a</a></a> href="org/sources.html"><em><code>org/sources.html</code></em></a> </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://isc.sans.org/sources.html|grep "ipinfo.html"|awk -F"ip="</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Locking and unlocking files and mailboxes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lockfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add a line for your username in the /etc/sudoers file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 'loginname ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers</pre>
<p>
<h3>Shredding </h3><hr>....
<p>
Shredding data means deleting data in a way that makes that
data not recoverable, by analogy with the process of
shredding a document.
<p>
<strong><em>Securely destroy data (including whole hard disks)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shred targetfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>securely overwrite a file with random junk, rename it to clear</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shred -vzu /tmp/junk-file-to-be-shredded</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shred an complete disk, by overwritting its content 10 times</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo shred -zn10 /dev/sda</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Securely destroy data on given device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> # for i in $(seq 1 25); do dd if=/dev/urandom of=<your disk> bs=1M ; done</pre>
<p>
<h3>Firewalls </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Redirect incoming traffic to SSH, from a port of your choosing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport [port of your choosing] -j REDIRECT --to-ports 22</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Tired of switching between proxy and no proxy? here's the solution</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d ! 10.0.0.0/8 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.1.1.123:3128</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Save iptables firewall info</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove an IP address ban that has been errantly blacklisted by</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> denyhosts-remove $IP_ADDRESS</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>watch iptables counters</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch 'iptables -vL'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Block all IP addresses and domains that have attempted brute</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (bzcat BZIP2_FILES && cat TEXT_FILES) | grep -E "Invalid user|PAM" | grep -o -E "from .+" | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq >> /etc/hosts.deny</pre>
<p>
<h3>Privacy</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ bleachbit
eliminate all sorts of caches, for the sake of privacy
<p>
@@ gpa
a graphical user interface to 'gpg'
@@ seahorse
the gnome graphical front-end for gpg
@@ kgpg
the kde front end
@@ firegpg
use gpg with webmail in firefox
@@ psi
use gpg with jabber xmpp im clients
@@ enigmail
integrate gpg with thunderbird email client
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> the 2 keys
.. your public - other people use it to send you stuff
.. your private - decrypt things sent to you
.. other persons public - you use it to send things to them
.. other person private - they use it to decrypt things sent to them
<p>
<strong><em>see if gpg is installed </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> which gpg</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> which gpg2 ##(the newer version)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a public key for somebody to send you stuff</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --gen-key</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> input name and email address</pre>
<p>
The new key gets put on a key-ring
<p>
<strong><em>see what keys are on your keyring (like the one you just made)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --list-keys</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the fingerprint for a key</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --fingerprint</pre>
<p>
'fingerprints' are used to make sure that the public key for
somebody really is from them.
<p>
<strong><em>export the key with the given id to a file 'key.asc' and send to people</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --armor --export 86d68542 --output key.asc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send the public key with given id to the mit 'public key server'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --keyserver=x-hkp://pgp.mit.edu --send-keys 86d68542 </pre>
<p>
or use the web interface at <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu" <a href="http://pgp.mit.edu</a>">http://pgp.mit.edu</a></a> to submit a public key
paste the '.asc' file created before with --armor
<p>
<strong><em>import a key file containing somebodies public key</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --import key.asc</pre>
<p>
Then you use this key to encrypt things which you are going to
send to them.
<p>
<strong><em>search the 'mit' public key server for a public key belonging to Ben stewart</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --keyserver=x-hkp://pgp.mit.edu --search-keys Ben Stewart</pre>
<p>
Then enter a number corresponding to the desired user to enter that
key into your keyring
<p>
<h3>Keyring </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>private keys normally stored in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /home/user/.gnupg/pubring.pgp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>public keys stored in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /home/user/.gnupg/secring.pgp</pre>
<p>
<h3>Signing keys </h3><hr>....
<p>
In order to verify that a public key really is from somebody, signing
is used. The more genuine people sign a key as authentic the more likely
it is that it will be authentic
<p>
<strong><em>sign the public key for 'bob' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pgp --edit-key bob@stew.net</pre>
<p>
Then send this signed key to the public key server with the same command
as before.
<p>
<strong><em>list who has signed the public key for 'bob stewart'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --list-sigs bob@stew.net</pre>
<p>
<h3>Encrypting </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>encrypt 'file.pdf' for sending to user bob@stew.net (using his public key)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --encrypt --recipient 'bob@stew.net' file.pdf</pre>
<p>
creates a file 'file.pdf.gpg' which is encrypted
<p>
<strong><em>encrypt a file for yourself (just use your own public key to encrypt it)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --encrypt --recipient 'me@here.net' file.pdf</pre>
<p>
<h3>Decrypting </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>decrypt a file sent to you (uses your private key)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --output f.txt --decrypt f.txt.asc</pre>
<p>
this prompts for your keyring passphrase
<p>
<strong><em>create a file 'leaks.txt.asc' which is signed as being from you but not encrypted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --clearsign leaks.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>verify that a 'signed' file is from the person who it says it is</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --verify leaks.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a revocation certificate which is useful if you forget a password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --gen-revoke 8657698</pre>
<p>
Send the revocation certificate to the public key server if you forget
a password for a key
<p>
<h3>Encryption</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> encryption tools
.. password gorilla - a graphical cross-platform encryption tool
.. gpg -
.. gpg2 -
.. cccrypt -
.. mcrypt - replacement for crypt, unrecommends itself
..
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly generate an MD5 hash for a text string using OpenSSL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -n 'text to be encrypted' | openssl md5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gpg decrypt several files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --allow-multiple-messages --decrypt-files *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Safely store your gpg key passphrase.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pwsafe -qa "gpg keys"."$(finger `whoami` | grep Name | awk '{ print $4" "$5 }')"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quickly encrypt a file with gnupg and email it with mailx</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat file.txt | gpg2 --encrypt --armor --recipient "Disposable Key" | mailx -s "Email Subject" user@email.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a truecrypt drive from a file from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> su -c "truecrypt --non-interactive truecrypt-file cryptshare -p PASSWORD"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create/open/use encrypted directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> encfs ~/.crypt ~/crypt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Encrypted archive with openssl and tar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar c folder_to_encrypt | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -e > secret.tar.enc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Encrypted archive with openssl and tar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl des3 -salt -in unencrypted-data.tar -out encrypted-data.tar.des3</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rot13 simple substitution cipher via command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias rot13='perl -pe "y/A-Za-z/N-ZA-Mn-za-m/;"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Cracking a password protected .rar file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(cat dict.txt);do unrar e -p$i protected.rar; if [ $? = 0 ];then echo "Passwd Found: $i";break;fi;done</pre>
<p>
MD5 SUMS ....
<p>
<strong><em>Create md5sum of files under the current dir excluding some</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d \( -name DIR1 -o -name DIR2 \) -prune -o -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 md5sum</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>recursively md5 all files in a tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./backup -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > /checksums_backup.md5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Verify MD5SUMS but only print failures</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> md5sum --check MD5SUMS | grep -v ": OK"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Gpg </h3><hr>....
<p>
gpg stands for gnu pretty good privacy, more or less.
<p>
<strong><em>Receive, sign and send GPG key id</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> caff <keyid></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>import gpg key from the web</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://defekt.nl/~jelle/pubkey.asc | gpg --import</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gpg decrypt a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --output foo.txt --decrypt foo.txt.pgp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add a gpg key to aptitute package manager in a ubuntu system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q http://xyz.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>encrypt the file 'log.txt' </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg -c log.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gpg encrypt a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --encrypt --recipient 'Foo Bar' foo.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>decrypt file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg log.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>encrypts or decrypts files in a specific directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for a in path/* ; do ccenrypt -K <password> $a; done</pre>
<p>
<h3>Passwords </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Use md5 to generate a pretty hard to crack password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "A great password" | md5sum</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate a random password 30 characters long</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 30 | tr -d '\n'; echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Hiding password while reading it from keyboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> save_state=$(stty -g);echo -n "Password: ";stty -echo;read password;stty "$save_state";echo "";echo "You inserted $password as password"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate a unique and secure password for every website that you</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sitepass() { echo -n "$@" | md5sum | sha1sum | sha224sum | sha256sum | sha384sum | sha512sum | gzip - | strings -n 1 | tr -d "[:space:]" | tr -s '[:print:]' | tr '!-~' 'P-~!-O' | rev | cut -b 2-11; history -d $(($HISTCMD-1)); }</pre>
<p>
<h3>Recovering passwords </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>password recovery on debian</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> init=/bin/bash; mount -o remount,rw /</pre>
<p>
<h3>Generating passwords </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pwgen -Bs 10 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Password Generation</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pwgen --alt-phonics --capitalize 9 10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>a homemade password generator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> genpass(){local i x y z h;h=${1:-8};x=({a..z} {A..Z} {0..9});for ((i=0;i<$h;i++));do y=${x[$((RANDOM%${#x[@]}))]};z=$z$y;done;echo $z ;}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate Random Passwords</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/urandom count=200 bs=1 2>/dev/null | tr "\n" " " | sed 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9]//g' | cut -c-16</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl rand -base64 6</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate 10 pronunciable passwords</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apg -a 0 -n 10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>password generator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> genpass() { local h x y;h=${1:-8};x=( {a..z} {A..Z} {0..9} );y=$(echo ${x[@]} | tr ' ' '\n' | shuf -n$h | xargs);echo -e "${y// /}"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' < /dev/urandom | head -c10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creates a random password from /dev/urandom [0-9A-za-z]</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -c $((<pw-lenght>-2)) /dev/urandom | uuencode -m - | sed -e '1d' -e '3d' | sed -e 's/=.*$//g'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Changing passwords </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>force change password for all users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `cat /etc/passwd | awk -F : '{ print $1 }';`; do passwd -e $i; done</pre>
<p>
<h3>Services</h3><hr>
<p>
<p>
'services' are a special type of process which are generally
always running and are often started when the computer starts up.
Examples of services are a web-server, an ftp server ...
<p>
@@ debian: sysvconfig
allows a user to use the redhat-style 'service' command
<p>
<strong><em>show what services are available on the computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /etc/init.d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start or stop a service on a debian-style linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo /etc/init.d/servicename start|stop</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>restart the 'sshd' (secure shell) service</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo /etc/init.d/sshd restart</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>another way</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> update-rc.d ... invoke-rc.d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>stop the 'apache' service (with the sysvconfig package, or on redhat style)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo service apache stop</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>other tools: rcconf, update-rc.d</em></strong>
<p>
<h3>Starting services at computer start up </h3><hr>....
<p>
Linux has a concept of 'run-levels' which are stages the
computer reaches as it boots up, and as it shuts down. The higher the
level the more 'booted-up' is. One can configure a server to start
at any particular 'run-level'.
<p>
<strong><em>configure apache to start up when the computer starts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> update-rc.d apache2 defaults ##(this is debian-specific) </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> update-rc.d apache2 start 20 2 3 4 5 . stop 80 0 1 6 . ##(the same)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>disable the apache webserver from starting when the computer starts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> update-rc.d -f apache2 remove</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create automatic startup links manually (this is the older way)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /etc/rc5.d/</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> ln -s /etc/init.d/apache2 S20apache2</pre>
# when the computer enters run-level 5 (rc5.d) is will start (S) the
# 'apache2' service with a priority of '20', that is, before all other
# services which have a priority number greater than 20
<p>
<h3>Pipes</h3><hr>
<p>
The unix pipeline is possibly the most important concept
in the unix world
<p>
<strong><em>cat large file to clipboard with speed-o-meter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pv large.xml | xclip</pre>
<p>
<h3>Processes </h3><hr>
<p>
At the heart of a unix-type operating system is the concept of the
'process'. Processes allow the computer to do more than one thing
at a time.
<p>
Processes are essentially running programs (applications, software).
Some applications, when they run, are visible because they use
a 'window' or they display information or data on the command-line.
However other processes are 'invisible'; that is, they are running, but
you as the user doesnt see any visible activity.
<p>
<strong><em>Close shell keeping all subprocess running</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> disown -a && exit</pre>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> process tools
.. ps - the basic tool
.. top - views processes in real time
.. lsof - displays open files
.. pstree - a hierarchical tree display
.. pmap -
.. pgrep -
..
<p>
<h3>Viewing processes </h3><hr>....
<p>
It may be possible to view processes also with 'zenity' etc.
<p>
<strong><em>view processes (jobs) for only the current user/ shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show information for all processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -e</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display all your processes which have 'eave' in their name </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave +30; ps | grep -v grep | grep -i eave</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a bash function 'pss' to display processes with 'ave' in the name </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pss(){ ps | grep -v grep | grep -i "$1"; }; pss ave</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view all processes in real time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> top</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show verbose information for all processes, not just for the current user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ef</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux ##(more or less the same)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show a 4-way scrollable process tree with full details.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps awwfux | less -S</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Alias for displaying a process tree nicely</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias pst='pstree -Alpha'; pst</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all processes in a 'tree' format (parent and child processes linked)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pstree</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Displays process tree of all running processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pstree -Gap</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if a process is running</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -0 <process-id> </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>order processes by cpu usage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -e -o pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args --sort pcpu | sed "/^ 0.0 /d"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the 20 most CPU/Memory hungry processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux | sort +2n | tail -20</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show process numbers for the root user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pgrep -u root</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show running processes ordered by the amount of CPU usage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -eo pcpu,pid,args | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all processes using a directory/file/etc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof | grep /Volumes/Lexar </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sort all running processes by their memory & cpu usage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux --sort=%mem,%cpu</pre>
<p>
<h3>Managing processes </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>ionice limits process I/O, to keep it from swamping the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ionice -c3 find /</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Restart command if it dies.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -C program_name || { program_name & }</pre>
<p>
<h3>Analysing processes </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Determining the excat memory usages by certain PID</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pmap -d [pid]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>count processes with status "D" uninterruptible sleep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> top -b -n 1 | awk '{if (NR <=7) print; else if ($8 == "D") {print; count++} } END {print "Total status D: "count}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the processes that are on the runqueue. Processes with a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -eo stat,pid,user,command | egrep "^STAT|^D|^R"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pulls total current memory usage, including SWAP being used, by all processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux | awk '{sum+=$6} END {print sum/1024}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out current working directory of a process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo COMMAND | xargs -ixxx ps -C xxx -o pid= | xargs -ixxx ls -l /proc/xxx/cwd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show top running processes by the number of open filehandles they</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return threads count of a process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -o thcount -p <process id></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all process running on port 80</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo lsof -i :80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>catch a process from a user and strace it.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x=1; while [ $x = 1 ]; do process=`pgrep -u username`; if [ $process ]; then x=0; fi; done; strace -vvtf -s 256 -p $process</pre>
<p>
<h3>Killing processes </h3><hr>....
<p>
In order to stop a running program (which doesnt have a window) it
is necessary to 'kill' (or stop) the associated process. In order
to do this first it may be necessary to find out the process
identification number ('pid') of the running application.
<p>
<strong><em>start and then kill the 'leave' process using its exact name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave +20; killall -9 leave; ps </pre>
<p>
The command above will permanently stop ('kill') all processes which
are named exactly 'leave', that is, all processes which were started
by the 'leave' reminder program.
<p>
<strong><em>make a bash function 'psk' to kill processes with 'ave' in their name </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psk(){ ps | grep -v grep | grep -i "$1" | awk '{print $1;}' | xargs kill -9; }; psk ave</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>another way to kill a process using its name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave +20; pkill leave; ps</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill a background job</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill %1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kills a process that is locking the file 'eg.txt'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fuser -k eg.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out the 'pid' number of a process associated with 'leave'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave +20; ps aux | grep leave</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the process id of a running program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls | at 1156; pidof at ; ps </pre>
<p>
you have to know the exact name of the program
<p>
<strong><em>Kill all processes that don't belong to root/force logoff</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(pgrep -v -u root);do kill -9 $i;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill all processes belonging to a user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ef | grep $USERNAME | awk {'print $2'} | xargs kill [-9]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill all processes beloging to a single user.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -9 `ps -u <username> -o "pid="`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill most recently created process with the name 'firefox'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pkill -n firefox</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kill all processes using a directory/file/etc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof | grep /Volumes/Lexar | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>stop a program or process with 'sshd' in its name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill $(ps -ef | awk '/sshd/ { print $2 }') </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> kill $(ps -ef | grep sshd | awk '{ print $2 }') ##(the same)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>trace the system calls made by a process (and its children)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> strace -f -s 512 -v ls -l</pre>
<p>
<h3>Zombie processes </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>display all 'zombie' processese</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux | awk '{ print $8 " " $2 " " $11}' | grep -w Z</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a regular updated list of zombies</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch "ps auxw | grep [d]efunct"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a regular updated list of zombies</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch "ps auxw | grep 'defunct' | grep -v 'grep' | grep -v 'watch'"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Environment configurations</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>show the values of the environment variables</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> env </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> printenv</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Executes a command changing an environment variable 'var'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> var="value" command </pre>
<p>
For example ...
<p>
<strong><em>show what time and date it is in new york</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TZ=America/New_York date</pre>
<p>
<h3>Aliases </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>put aliases in the ~/.bashrc file to save them</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias dir='ls -la | less'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make alias pemanent fast</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> PERMA () { echo "$@" >> ~/.bashrc; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>a variable can be used in an alias</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias say='echo $1' ##(but alias say='echo $1; echo 1' doesnt work...)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>reload the .bashrc file to make a new alias take effect</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> source ~/.bashrc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add a folder to the executable path (put in ~/.bash_profile file to save it)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export PATH=/path/to/folder:"${PATH}"</pre>
##(programs in this folder can then be executed with 'programname')
<p>
<strong><em>make all terminals write to the same history file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shopt -s histappend ##(put in .bashrc, on single user systems)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>enable changing to a folder by typing only the folder name (not path)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export CDPATH='.:~:/some/folder:/path/to/folder'</pre>
##(place this in .bashrc with commonly used folders)
<p>
<h3>Timing performance</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>time how long a "grep" command takes to execute</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time grep -rl big *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>time the execution time of 2 commands at the same time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time { find / -name '*what*'; locate '*.cc' ; }</pre>
<p>
<h3>Scheduling</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> tools
.. batch -
.. cron - a scheduling tools
.. crontab - a file of scheduled tasks
.. at - run a command at a certain time
.. nice - run with a certain priority
..
<p>
<h3>At </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>retrieve the page 'elpais.com' at 12:00 oclock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 'wget http://elpais.com' | at 12:00</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Schedule a script or command to run in 2 hours</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ( ( sleep 2h; your-command your-args ) & )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute a command at a given time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "ls -l" | at midnight</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run a command only when load average is below a certain threshold</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "rm -rf /unwanted-but-large/folder" | batch</pre>
<p>
<h3>Cron </h3><hr>....
<p>
Cron is the traditional unix tool for scheduling tasks; that is for
instructing the computer to automatically carry out a task at a given time,
or at given intervals, without the user explicitly starting the task.
Each task is placed in the 'crontab' file.
<p>
<strong><em>view the help page for the crontab file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man 5 crontab</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run the script 'upload.sh' every 15 mins past the hour</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> */15 * * * * /usr/local/bin/upload.sh ##(put this in the cron file)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add the new entry in the file 'crontab' to the cron schedule,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> crontab</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>update your system every day at lunch time (12:00)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (crontab -e) 00 12 * * * apt-get update (/etc/init.d/cron restart)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>edit the crontab file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> crontab -e</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>edit crontab</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vi ~/.crontab && crontab ~/.crontab</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Log output from a cronjob to a file, but also e-mail if a string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> some_cronjobed_script.sh 2>&1 | tee -a output.log | grep -C 1000 ERROR</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print crontab entries for all the users that actually have a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for USER in `cut -d ":" -f1 </etc/passwd`; do crontab -u ${USER} -l 1>/dev/null 2>&1; if [ ! ${?} -ne 0 ]; then echo -en "--- crontab for ${USER} ---\n$(crontab -u ${USER} -l)\n"; fi; done</pre>
<p>
<h3>Notifications </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Set an alarm to wake up [2]</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "aplay path/to/song" | at [time]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set an alarm to wake up</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sleep 5h && rhythmbox path/to/song</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>beep when a server goes offline</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do [ "$(ping -c1W1w1 server-or-ip.com | awk '/received/ {print $4}')" != 1 ] && beep; sleep 1; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remind yourself to leave in 15 minutes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave +15</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>An alarm clock using xmms2 and at</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "xmms2 play" | at 6:00</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send pop-up notifications on Gnome</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> notify-send ["<title>"] "<body>"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Will email user@example.com when all Rsync processes have</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $(while [ ! -z "$(pgrep rsync)" ]; do echo; done; echo "rsync done" | mailx user@example.com) > /dev/null &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run a long job and notify me when it's finished</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ./my-really-long-job.sh && notify-send "Job finished"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set audible alarm when an IP address comes online</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ping -i 60 -a IP_address</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Notify me when users log in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> notifyme -C `cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display a (gtk) window with the text 'command finished'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --info --text="command finished!" </pre>
<p>
<h3>Alarms </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>A snooze button for xmms2 alarm clock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmms2 pause && echo "xmms2 play" | at now +5min</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>An alarm clock using xmms2 and at</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> at 6:00 <<< "xmms2 play"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Databases</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> popular database software
.. postgresql -
.. mysql -
.. berkeley db -
..
<p>
see the book:<br/>
<a href="http://bumble.sf.<a" <a href="http://bumble.sf.<a</a>">http://bumble.sf.<a</a></a> href="net/books/linux-database/linux-database-book.txt'"><em><code>net/books/linux-database/linux-database-book.txt'</code></em></a>
<p>
<h3>Configuring linux</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> tools
.. update-alternatives - maintains default programs for tasks
.. getent - gets data from an adminstrative database
..
<p>
<strong><em>Get contents from hosts, passwd, groups </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getent [group|hosts|networks|passwd|protocols|services] [keyword]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the default pager used for man pages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> update-alternatives --set pager /usr/bin/most</pre>
<p>
Environment variables etc
<p>
<strong><em>show the current path</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $PATH</pre>
<p>
<h3>The operating system</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Find distro name and/or version/release</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/*-release</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>When was your OS installed?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lct /etc/ | tail -1 | awk '{print $6, $7, $8}'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Kernel </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>send kernel log (dmesg) notifications to root via cron</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (crontab -l; echo '* * * * * dmesg -c'; ) | crontab -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Short Information about loaded kernel modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print $1}' "/proc/modules" | xargs modinfo | awk '/^(filename|desc|depends)/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Short Information about loaded kernel modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> modinfo $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/modules) | sed '/^dep/s/$/\n/; /^file\|^desc\|^dep/!d'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find your release version of your ubuntu / debian distro</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsb_release -a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>When was your OS installed?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -ldct /lost+found |awk '{print $6, $7}'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Modules </h3><hr>....
<p>
Modules in some cases serve the purpose of device drivers. In some
cases they need to be compiled from source code, and then installed
in the kernel with 'modprobe'.
<p>
<strong><em>Disable beep sound from your computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "blacklist pcspkr"|sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf</pre>
<p>
<h3>Swap files </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>create an emergency swapfile when the existing swap space is too small</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1024000;sudo mkswap /swapfile; sudo swapon /swapfile</pre>
<p>
<h3>Hardware configuration</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>set your ssd disk as a non-rotating medium</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo echo 0 > /sys/block/sdb/queue/rotational</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>32 bits or 64 bits?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getconf LONG_BIT</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Getting information about model no. of computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dmidecode | grep -i prod</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print indepth hardware info</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo dmidecode | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate the CPU utilization report</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sar -u 2 5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>hard disk information - Model/serial no.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hdparm -i[I] /dev/sda</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create an html page of information about your harddisk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lshw -C disk -html > /tmp/diskinfo.html</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a nifty html overview of the hardware in your computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lshw -html > hardware.html ##('hardware.html' can be viewed in a browser)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the linux kernel version</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show kernel startup messages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dmesg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show usb devices</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsusb</pre>
<p>
<h3>Modules and device drivers</h3><hr>
<p>
In Linux, 'device drivers' (which make bits of hardware work) are also
known as 'kernel modules'. If a piece of hardware is not working, then
usually a kernel module must be loaded. This may involve; Find the
product code for the device (looks like 0341:4561). Then find the module
for that product. Then download the module source, compiling the module
and installing it.
<p>
<strong><em>list your device drivers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci -vv | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all loaded kernel modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsmod</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find module files in or below the current folder </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name *.ko ##(kernel module files end in 'ko')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>build the dependencies between various kernel modules </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> depmod -a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>load the 'rt3090sta' module (a wireless card driver)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo modprobe rt3090sta</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show pci devices</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show ram memory information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/meminfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show cpu information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Short information about loaded kernel modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsmod | cut -d' ' -f1 | xargs modinfo | egrep '^file|^desc|^dep' | sed -e'/^dep/s/$/\n/g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Short information about loaded kernel modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsmod | sed -e '1d' -e 's/\(\([^ ]*\) \)\{1\}.*/\2/' | xargs modinfo | sed -e '/^dep/s/$/\n/g' -e '/^file/b' -e '/^desc/b' -e '/^dep/b' -e d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lists installed kernels</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image</pre>
<p>
<h3>Keyboard </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Replace Caps-lock with Control-key</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmodmap -e 'remove Lock = Caps_Lock' && xmodmap -e 'add control = Caps_Lock'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change the console keyboard layout</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> loadkeys uk</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all key and mouse events</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xev</pre>
<p>
<h3>Monitor </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Give information about your graphic chipset</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lshw -C display</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show display adapter, available drivers, and driver in use</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci -v | perl -ne '/VGA/../^$/ and /VGA|Kern/ and print'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Devices </h3><hr>
<p>
<h3>Ethernet card </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Get ethernet card information.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ethtool eth0</pre>
<p>
<h3>Monitors </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Configure second monitor to sit to the right of laptop</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xrandr --output LVDS --auto --output VGA --auto --right-of LVDS</pre>
<p>
<h3>Cdroms </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Add audio CD to xmms2 playlist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmms2 addpls cdda://</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Decreasing the cdrom device speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eject -x 4</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>limit the cdrom driver to a specified speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eject -x 8 /dev/cdrom</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>save a compressed copy of data from a cdrom</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gzip < /dev/cdrom > cdrom.iso.gz </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rip audio tracks from CD to wav files in current dir</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdparanoia -B </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>clear a rewritable compact disk (CDRW)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make audio CD from all wavs in current dir (see also cdrdao)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -audio *.wav</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>how to copy cd/dvd onto the hard disk (.iso)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/cdrom of=whatever.iso</pre>
<p>
<h3>Burning cds and dvds </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>erase content from a cdrw</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord -v -blank=all -force</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create an ISO Image from a folder and burn it to CD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hdiutil makehybrid -o CDname.iso /Way/to/folder ; hdiutil burn CDname.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>burn an ISO image to writable CD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wodim cdimage.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>burn an iso to cd or dvd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord -v path_to_iso_image.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add files to existing growable DVD using growisofs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> growisofs -M /dev/dvd -J -r "directory name with files to add to DVD"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Blank/erase a DVD-RW</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvd+rw-format -force /dev/dvd1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Burn a directory of mp3s to an audio cd.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias burnaudiocd='mkdir ./temp && for i in *.[Mm][Pp]3;do mpg123 -w "./temp/${i%%.*}.wav" "$i";done;cdrecord -pad ./temp/* && rm -r ./temp'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>backup your playstation game using rip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrdao read-cd --read-raw --datafile FILE_NAME.bin --device /dev/cdrom --driver generic-mmc-raw FILE_NAME.toc</pre>
<p>
<h3>Scsi </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Shows physically connected drives (SCSI or SATA)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /sys/bus/scsi/devices</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>scan for new scsi devices</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan</pre>
<p>
<h3>Usb </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>remount a usb disk in gnome without physically removing and reinserting</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eject /dev/sdb; sleep 1; eject -t /dev/sdb</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get names of files in /dev, a USB device is attached to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -la /dev/disk/by-id/usb-*</pre>
<p>
To relabel a usb thumb drive, first find out the type
of file system on the drive.
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> packages for relabeling usb thumb drives
.. FAT16 and FAT32 partitions, use mtools.
.. NTFS partitions, use ntfsprogs.
.. ext2, ext3, or ext4 partitions, use e2fsprogs.
.. JFS partitions, use jfsutils.
.. ReiserFS (v3) partitions, use reiserfsprogs.
.. XFS partitions, use xfsprogs
..
<p>
<strong><em>unmount the usb device before re-labeling it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo umount /dev/sdb1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check the current device label</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mlabel -i /dev/sdb1 -s ::</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>edit the<a href="mtools.conf"><em><code>mtools.conf</code></em></a></em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vim /etc/mtools.conf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>relabel the drive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mlabel p:newlabel</pre>
<p>
<h3>Cpu central processing unit </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>List the CPU model name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the CPU model name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n 's/^model name[ \t]*: *//p' /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<h3>Xwindows </h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> tools
.. wmctrl - control a window manager from scripts
..
<p>
<strong><em>Start an X app remotely</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -f user@remote.ip DISPLAY=:0.0 smplayer movie.avi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run any GUI program remotely</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -fX <user>@<host> <program></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send keypresses to an X application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xvkbd -xsendevent -text "Hello world"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Click on a GUI window and show its process ID and command used to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xprop | awk '/PID/ {print $3}' | xargs ps h -o pid,cmd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Start another X session in a window</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> startx -- /usr/bin/Xephyr :2</pre>
<p>
<h3>The clipboard </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>get xclip to own the clipboard contents</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclip -o -selection clipboard | xclip -selection clipboard</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy the <a href="list.xml"><em><code>list.xml</code></em></a> to the clipboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat list.xml | xclip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copoy a large file to the clipboard with a progress meter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pv large.xml | xclip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print to standard output the text or data in the x clipboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xsel -o </pre>
<p>
If a piece of text is currently 'selected' or 'highlighted' in
some window on the computer, then this text will be printed
with 'xsel -o'
<p>
<h3>Kde</h3><hr>
<p>
Kde is an alternative to 'gnome' and uses the qt windowing
toolkit. qt is not a completely free toolkit.
<p>
<strong><em>Unlock your KDE4.3 session remotely</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> qdbus org.kde.screenlocker /MainApplication quit</pre>
<p>
<h3>Gnome</h3><hr>
<p>
Gnome uses the gtk windowing toolkit to draw its graphical
user interfaces. gtk is a completely opensource toolkit.
<p>
<h3>User interfaces</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Read a keypress without echoing it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> stty cbreak -echo; KEY=$(dd bs=1 count=1 2>/dev/null); stty -cbreak echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>On screen display of command results</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date | osd_cat</pre>
<p>
<h3>Select menus </h3><hr>....
<p>
The linux 'select' command is the simplest way of
making a menu for the user to select from.
<p>
<h3>Whiptail and dialog </h3><hr>....
<p>
Both whiptail and dialog create 'windows' in a console
terminal.
<p>
<h3>Kdialog </h3><hr>....
<p>
Kdialog seems to be more or less equivalent to zenity
for the KDE desktop.
<p>
<strong><em>Show a passive popup in KDE which times out in 30 seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kdialog --passivepopup <text> 30</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>an SSH monitor using kdialog</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh root@server 'tail --max-unchanged-stats=10 -n0 -F /var/log/auth.log ' | grep Accepted | while read l ; do kdialog --title "SSH monitor" --passivepopup "$l" 3; done</pre>
<p>
<h3>Zenity</h3><hr>
<p>
zenity is a simple way to present the user with a graphical user interface
without needing to use a programming language. Zenity uses the
gtk windowing library, so is aimed to the gnome linux desktop
<p>
@@ <a href="http://bumble.sf.<a" <a href="http://bumble.sf.<a</a>">http://bumble.sf.<a</a></a> href="net/books/bash/bash-book.txt"><em><code>net/books/bash/bash-book.txt</code></em></a>
Some other zenity examples.
<p>
<strong><em>display a window with a calender and output the chosen date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --calendar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>allow the user to (graphically) choose a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --file-selection --title 'select a file'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a window with a list-box with the files from current folder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls | zenity --list --column="test" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>try to jump to a folder with zenity </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find -type d -name '*er*' | zenity --list --column= | xargs cd</pre>
<p>
The file which the user selects in the list box is printed to
the standard output.
<p>
<strong><em>display a text box and a label in a window</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --title "Select Host" --entry --text "Select a server"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display a yes/no box with the question 'really quit now?'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --question --text "really quit now?"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show a question dialog and exit the script if the user says yes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [ $(zenity --question --text "really quit?") ] && echo quiting && exit</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show a notification icon in the gnome task bar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --notification --window-icon=update.png --text "System update necessary!"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Progress bars with zenity </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>show a progress bar while a command is executing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find $HOME -name '*.mp3' | zenity --progress --pulsate</pre>
<p>
<h3>Checkboxes with zenity </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>display a list with check boxes with the column labels </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zenity --list --checklist --column "Buy" --column "Item" TRUE Apples TRUE Oranges FALSE Pears FALSE Toothpaste </pre>
<p>
##(this writes 'Apples|Oranges' to standard out)
<p>
<h3>Windows and gui applications </h3><hr>....
<p>
@@ gtk-apps.org
graphical applications which run with the gnome desktop.
<p>
<strong><em>open a file with its appropriate window application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xdg-open file.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the x window for a graphical app running on a remote computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -X user@server.ext</pre>
<p>
<h3>Starting x </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>start X from a virtual console</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> startx </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run startx and redirect its output to a log file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> startx >$HOME/startx.log 2>&1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start X from a virtual console, and specify 16-bit color depth,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> startx -- -bpp 16 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>end your X session if you are running the fvwm2 window manager,</em></strong>
click the left mouse button in the root window to pull up the start
menu, and then choose Really quit? from the Exit Fvwm submenu.
<p>
<strong><em>end your X session if you are running the afterstep window</em></strong>
manager, click the left mouse button in the root window to pull up the
start menu, and then choose Really quit? from the Exit Fvwm submenu.
<p>
<strong><em>exit X immediately</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [CTRL]-[ALT]-[BKSP]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run a digital clock from a shell window</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclock -digital & </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start a small xclock, 48 pixels wide and 48 pixels high</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclock -geometry 48x48 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start a large xclock, 480 pixels wide and 500 pixels high</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclock -geometry 480x500 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start an xclock with a width of 48 pixels and the default height</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclock -geometry 48 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>start an xclock with a height of 48 pixels and the default width</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xclock -geometry x48 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the available colors</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xcolors ##(Press [Q] to exit xcolors.)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>switch to the desktop to the left of the current one while running fvw2,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> type [ALT]-[{<-]}.</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>switch to the desktop directly to the left of the current one while running afterstep,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> type [CTRL]-[{<-]}.</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>switch to the next-lowest video mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [CTRL]-[ALT]-[+]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>switch to the next-highest video mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [CTRL]-[ALT]-[-]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the root window color to blue violet</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xsetroot -solid blueviolet </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tile the root window with a star pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xsetroot -bitmap /usr/X11R6/include/bitmaps/star </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tile the root window with a light slate gray star pattern on a black background</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xsetroot -fg slategray2 -bg black -bitmap /usr/X11R6/include/bitmaps/star </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make the root window a gray color with no pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xsetroot -gray </pre>
<strong><em>browse the system documentation files in the '/usr/doc' directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx /usr/doc </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>browse the system documentation files in the '/usr/doc' directory in Mozilla, type the following in Mozilla's Location window: <a href="usr/doc</em></strong>">usr/doc</em></strong></a>
<p>
<strong><em>find all files on the system that have 'audio' anywhere in their name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locate audio </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all the files on the system whose file names end with the text 'ogg'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locate *ogg </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all hidden "dotfiles" on the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locate /. </pre>
<p>
<h3>Note</h3><hr>: locate searches are not case sensitive.
<p>
<strong><em>list all files on the system whose file name is 'top', regardless of case</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -iname top </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files whose names begin with the three characters 'top' followed by exactly three more characters</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -name 'top???' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in the current directory tree whose names have either the string 'net' or `comm' anywhere in their file names, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -regex '.*\(net\|comm\).*' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in the '/usr/local' directory tree that are greater than 10,000 kilobytes in size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/local -size +10000k </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in your home directory tree less than 300 bytes in size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -size -300b </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files on the system whose size is exactly 42 512-byte blocks</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -size 42 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all empty files in your home directory tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -empty </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the '/usr/local' directory tree that were modified exactly 24 hours ago</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/local -mtime 1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the '/usr' directory tree that were modified exactly five minutes ago</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr -mmin 5 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the '/usr/local' directory tree that were modified within the past 24 hours</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/local -mtime -1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the '/usr' directory tree that were modified within the past five minutes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr -mmin -5 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all of the files in your home directory tree that were modified yesterday</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -mtime 1 -daystart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all of the files in the '/usr' directory tree that were modified one year or longer ago</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr -mtime +356 -daystart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all of the files in your home directory tree that were modified from two to four days ago</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -mtime 2 -mtime -4 -daystart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find files in the '/etc' directory tree that are newer than the file '/etc/motd'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /etc -newer /etc/motd </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in your home directory tree that were modified after May 4 of the current year</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch -t 05040000 /tmp/timestamp </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -newer /tmp/timestamp </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in the '/usr/local/fonts' directory tree owned by the user warwick</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/local/fonts -user warwick </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all files in the '/dev' directory tree owned by the audio group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /dev -group audio </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all files in the '~/html/' directory tree with an `.html' extension, and output lines from these files that contain the string 'organic'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/html/ -name '*.html' -exec grep organic '{}' ';' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove files from your home directory tree that were accessed more than one year after they were last modified, pausing to confirm before each removal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -used +365 -ok rm '{}' ';' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list files in your home directory tree whose names begin with the string 'top', and that are newer than the file `/etc/motd', type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -name 'top*' -newer /etc/motd </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>compress all the files in your home directory tree that are two megabytes or larger, and that are not already compressed with gzip (having a '.gz' file name extension)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~ -size +2000000c -regex '.*[^gz]' -exec gzip '{}' ';' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the current directory, with their attributes, sorted with the largest files first</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lS </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the files in the current directory and their attributes, sorted from smallest to largest</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lSr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of the subdirectories of the current directory tree, sorted in ascending order by size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -S . | sort -n </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of the subdirectories in the current directory tree, sorted in descending order by size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -S . | sort -nr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of the subdirectories in the '/usr/local' directory tree, sorted in descending order by size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -S /usr/local | sort -nr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the number of files in the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls | wc -l </pre>
19
<p>
<strong><em>count the number of files -- including dot files -- in the</em></strong>
current directory
<pre class="codeline"> ls -A | wc -l </pre>
81
<p>
<strong><em>list the number of files in the '/usr/share' directory tree,</em></strong>
type:<br/>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/share \! -type d | wc -l </pre>
<strong><em>list the number of files and directories in the '/usr/share'</em></strong>
directory tree
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/share | wc -l </pre>
<strong><em>list the number of directories in the '/usr/share' directory</em></strong>
tree
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/share \! -type f | wc -l </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out whether perl is installed on your system, and, if so, where it resides</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> which perl ##(prints something like '/usr/bin/perl')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine the format of the file '<a href="/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz',</em></strong>"><em><code>/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz',</em></strong></code></em></a>
<pre class="codeline"> file /usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz </pre>
<a href="/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz:"><em><code>/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz:</code></em></a> gzip compressed data, deflated, original
<p>
<strong><em>determine the compression format of the file '<a href="/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz'</em></strong>"><em><code>/usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz'</em></strong></code></em></a>
<pre class="codeline"> file -z /usr/doc/HOWTO/README.gz </pre>
<p>
<h3>File timestamps </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>change the timestamp of file 'pizzicato' to the current date and time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch pizzicato </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the timestamp of file 'pizzicato' to '17 May 1999 14:16'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch -d '17 May 1999 14:16' pizzicato </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change the timestamp of file 'phone' to '14:16'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch -d '14:16' phone </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>split 'large.mp3' into separate files of one megabyte each, whose names begin with 'large.mp3.'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> split -b1m large.mp3 large.mp3. </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>reconstruct the original file from the split files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat large.mp3.* > large.mp3 </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> rm large.mp3.* </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine whether the files 'master' and `backup' differ</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cmp master backup </pre>
<p>
<h3>Version control systems</h3><hr>
<p>
A version or revision control system is designed to keep track of
different versions of a text document, or other file or files.
These systems are often employed when writers or programmers want
to be able to revert to a previous version of a document or code file.
<p>
<h3>Cvs </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Override and update your locally modified files through cvs..</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cvs update -C</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List only locally modified files with CVS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cvs -Q status | grep -i locally</pre>
<p>
<h3>Subversion </h3><hr>....
<p>
Subversion is a reasonably modern versioning system which was
supposed to replace 'cvs'.
<p>
<strong><em>Prints total line count contribution per user for an SVN</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn ls -R | egrep -v -e "\/$" | xargs svn blame | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add new files/directory to subversion repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep '^\?' | sed -e 's/^\?//g' | xargs svn add</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Skip over .svn directories when using the "find" command.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -not \( -name .svn -prune \)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Archive all SVN repositories in a platform independent form</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find repMainPath -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d | while read dir; do echo processing $dir; sudo svnadmin dump --deltas $dir >dumpPath/`basename $dir`; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ignore a directory in SVN, permanently</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn propset svn:ignore "*" tool/templates_c; svn commit -m "Ignoring tool/templates_c"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add all files in current directory to SVN</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn add --force *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a range of SVN revisions from svn diff and tar gz them</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar cvfz changes.tar.gz --exclude-vcs `svn diff -rM:N --summarize . | grep . | awk '{print $2}' | grep -E -v '^\.$'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get colorful side-by-side diffs of files in svn with vim</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vimdiff <(svn cat "$1") "$1"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sync svn working copy and remote repository (auto adding new</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep '^?' | awk '{ print $2; }' | xargs svn add</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Commit only newly added files to subversion repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn ci `svn stat |awk '/^A/{printf $2" "}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add all unversioned files to svn</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn st | grep "^\?" | awk "{print \$2}" | xargs svn add $1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add all files not under subversion control</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(svn st | grep "?" | awk '{print $2}'); do svn add $i; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Deleting Files from svn which are missing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep '!' | sed 's/!/ /' | xargs svn del --force</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Have subversion ignore a file pattern in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn propset svn:ignore "*txt" log/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output list of modifications for an svn revision</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn log $url -r $revision -v | egrep " [RAMD] \/" | sed s/^.....//</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively Add Changed Files to Subversion</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep "^\?" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn add</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Output a list of svn repository entities to xml file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn list -R https://repository.com --xml >> svnxxmlinfo.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>fetch all revisions of a specific file in an SVN repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn log fileName|cut -d" " -f 1|grep -e "^r[0-9]\{1,\}$"|awk {'sub(/^r/,"",$1);print "svn cat fileName@"$1" > /tmp/fileName.r"$1'}|sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create subversion undo point</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function svnundopoint() { if [ -d .undo ]; then r=`svn info | grep Revision | cut -f 2 -d ' '` && t=`date +%F_%T` && f=${t}rev${r} && svn diff>.undo/$f && svn stat>.undo/stat_$f; else echo Missing .undo directory; fi }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gets all files committed to svn by a particular user since a given date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn log -v -r{2009-05-21}:HEAD | awk '/^r[0-9]+ / {user=$3} /yms_web/ {if (user=="george") {print $2}}' | sort | uniq</pre>
<p>
<h3>Git </h3><hr>....
<p>
This system seems to be used for linux development and apparently
was written by Mr Torvalds himself after dissatisfaction with
other tools
<p>
<strong><em>Add forgotten changes to the last git commit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git commit --amend</pre>
<p>
<p>
<strong><em>Move all files untracked by git into a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git clean -n | sed 's/Would remove //; /Would not remove/d;' | xargs mv -t stuff/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show git branches by date - useful for showing active branches</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for k in `git branch|sed s/^..//`;do echo -e `git log -1 --pretty=format:"%Cgreen%ci %Cblue%cr%Creset" "$k"`\\t"$k";done|sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all authors of a particular git project</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git shortlog -s | cut -c8-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>grep across a git repo and open matching files in gedit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git grep -l "your grep string" | xargs gedit</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show (only) list of files changed by commit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git show --relative --pretty=format:'' --name-only HASH</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git remove files which have been deleted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git add -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Prints per-line contribution per author for a GIT repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git ls-files | xargs -n1 -d'\n' -i git-blame {} | perl -n -e '/\s\((.*?)\s[0-9]{4}/ && print "$1\n"' | sort -f | uniq -c -w3 | sort -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>github push-ing behind draconian proxies!</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git remote add origin git@SSH-HOST:<USER>/<REPOSITORY>.git</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display summary of git commit ids and messages for a given branch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git log --pretty='format:%Cgreen%H %Cred%ai %Creset- %s'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Makes a project directory, unless it exists; changes into the dir,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gitstart () { if ! [[ -d "$@" ]]; then mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$@" && git init; else cd "$@" && git init; fi }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display summary of git commit ids and messages for a given branch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git log master | awk '/commit/ {id=$2} /\s+\w+/ {print id, $0}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display condensed log of changes to current git repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git log --pretty=oneline</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Undo several commits by committing an inverse patch.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git diff HEAD..rev | git apply --index; git commit</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stage only portions of the changes to a file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git add --patch <filename></pre>
<p>
<h3>Rcs an old version control system </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>check in the file 'novel' with RCS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ci novel </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>deposit this revision in RCS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ci novel </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check out the latest revision of the file 'novel' for editing,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> co -l novel </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check out the current revision of file 'novel', but dont permit any changes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> co novel </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check out revision 1.14 of file 'novel'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> co -l -r1.14 novel ##(check-in the latest changes first)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the revision log for file 'novel'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rlog novel </pre>
<p>
<h3>Reading text files </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>page through the text file 'README'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> less README </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>page through all of the Unix FAQ files in '/usr/doc/FAQ'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> less /usr/doc/FAQ/unix-faq-part* </pre>
This command starts less, opens in it all of the files that match the
given pattern '/usr/doc/FAQ/unix-faq-part*', and begins displaying the
<p>
<strong><em>peruse the file 'translation' with non-printing characters displayed </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -v translation | less ##(non-printing characters are shown with 'hats') </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the first ten lines of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the first line of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -1 placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the first sixty-six lines of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -66 placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the first character in the file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -c1 placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the last ten lines of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the last fourteen lines of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -14 placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>follow the end of the file 'access_log'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -f access_log </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output line 47 of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '47!d' placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines 47 to 108 of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '47,108!d' placement-list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the tenth line in the file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head placement-list | tail -1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the fifth and fourth lines from the bottom of file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -5 placement-list | head -2 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the 500th character in 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -c500 placement-list | tail -c1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the first character on the fifth line of the file 'placement-list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -5 placement-list | tail -1 | head -c1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all the text from file 'book-draft' between `Chapter 3' and 'Chapter 4'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n '/Chapter 3/,/Chapter 4/p' book-draft </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all the text from file 'book-draft', except that which lies between the text 'Chapter 3' and `Chapter 4'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '/Chapter 3/,/Chapter 4/p' book-draft </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>apply the kraut filter to the text in the file '/etc/motd'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/motd | kraut </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the contents of the text file 'alice-springs' in sview</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sview alice-springs </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view an ASCII character set</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man ascii </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the ISO 8859-1 character set</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man iso_8859_1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run the vi tutorial, type the following from your home directory:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp /usr/doc/nvi/vi.beginner.gz . </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> gunzip vi.beginner </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>concatenate these files into a new file, 'novels'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat early later > novels </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a file, 'novels', with some text in it</em></strong>
cat > novels
This Side of Paradise
The Beautiful and Damned
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>add a line of text to the bottom of file 'novels'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat >> novels </pre>
The Last Tycoon
C-d
<p>
<strong><em>insert several lines of text at the beginning of the file 'novels'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ins novels </pre>
The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald
<p>
<strong><em>process the file and write to the file 'monday.txt'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> m4 menu > monday.txt </pre>
Debian: 'an'
<p>
<strong><em>output all anagrams of the word 'lake'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> an lake </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all anagrams of the phrase 'lakes and oceans'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> an 'lakes and oceans' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only anagrams of the phrase 'lakes and oceans' which contain the string 'seas'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> an -c seas 'lakes and oceans' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all of the words that can be made from the letters of the word 'seas'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> an -w seas </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all of the palindromes in the system dictionary</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -lne 'print if $_ eq reverse' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a cut-up from a file called 'nova'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cutup nova </pre>
<p>
Debian: 'dadadodo'
<p>
<strong><em>output random text based on the text in the file 'nova'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dadadodo nova </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all non-empty lines from the file 'term-paper'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep . term-paper </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only the lines from the file 'term-paper' that contain more than just space characters</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '[^ ].' term-paper </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only the odd lines from file 'term-paper'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 'n;d' term-paper </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>double-space the file 'term-paper' and and save to 'term-paper.print'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr -d -t term-paper > term-paper.print </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>triple-space the file 'term-paper' and save to the file 'term-paper.print'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 'G;G' term-paper > term-paper.print </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quadruple-space the file 'term-paper', and save to the file 'term-paper.print'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 'G;G;G' term-paper > term-paper.print </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the file 'owners-manual' with a five-space (or five-column) margin to a new file, 'owners-manual.pr'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr -t -o 5 -w 77 owners-manual > owners-manual.pr </pre>
This command is almost always used for printing, so the output is
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'owners-manual' with a 5-column margin and 80 columns of text</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr -t -o 5 -w 85 owners-manual | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'owners-manual' with a 5-column margin and 75 columns of text</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr -t -o 5 -w 80 owners-manual | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert all tab characters to spaces in 'list', and write the output to 'list2'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expand list > list2 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert initial tab characters to spaces in 'list', and write the output to the standard output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expand -i list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert every 8 leading space characters to tabs in 'list2', saving in 'list'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unexpand list2 > list </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert all occurrences of eight space characters to tabs in file 'list2', and write the output to the standard output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unexpand -a list2 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert every leading space character to a tab character in 'list2', and write the output to the standard output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unexpand -t 1 list2 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>paginate the file 'listings' and write the output to a file called 'listings.page'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr -f -h "" listings > listings.page </pre>
By default, pr outputs pages of 66 lines each. You can specify the page
<p>
<strong><em>paginate the file 'listings' with 43-line pages, and write the</em></strong>
output to a file called 'listings.page'
<pre class="codeline"> pr -f -h "" -l 43 listings > listings.page </pre>
<h3>Note</h3><hr>: If a page has more lines than a printer can fit on a physical
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'duchess' with the default pr preparation</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pr duchess | lpr </pre>
<p>
You can also use pr to put text in columns -- give the number of
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'news.update' in four columns with no headers or</em></strong>
footers
<pre class="codeline"> pr -4 -t news.update | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>replace plaintext-style italics with TeX '\it' commands</em></strong>
M-x replace-regular-expression
_\([^_]+\)_
\{\\it \1}
<strong><em>replace TeX-style italics with plaintext _underscores_</em></strong>
M-x replace-regular-expression
\{\\it \{\([^\}]+\)\}
_\1_
<p>
<strong><em>output the file 'term-paper' so that you can view underbars, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ul term-paper </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the file 'term-paper' with all backspace characters stripped out</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> col -u term-paper </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sort the file 'provinces' and output all lines in ascending order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sort provinces </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sort the file 'provinces' and output all lines in descending order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sort -r provinces </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse the file 'report' with each line of the file preceded by line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nl report | less ##(set the numbering style with the '-b')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show 'report', each line preceded by line numbers, starting with 2 step 4</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nl -v 2 -i 4 report </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse the text file 'report' with each line of the file numbered</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -n report | less </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse the text file 'report' with each non-blank line of the file numbered</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -b report | less </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write a line-numbered version of file 'report' to file 'report.lines'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -n report > report.lines </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the file 'prizes' in line-for-line reverse order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tac prizes </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output 'prizes' in page-for-page reverse order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tac -s $'\f' prizes ##(using the form-feed as the delimiter)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output 'prizes' in word-for-word reverse order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tac -r -s '[^a-zA-z0-9\-]' prizes </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output 'prizes' in character-for-character reverse order</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tac -r -s '.\| </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> ' prizes </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output 'prizes' with the characters on each line reversed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rev prizes </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in the file 'catalog' containing the word `CD', type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep CD catalog </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in the file 'catalog' containing the word `Compact Disc'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep 'Compact Disc' catalog </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in all files in the current directory containing the word 'CD'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep CD * </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in the file 'catalog' that contain a `$' character, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '\$' catalog </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in the file 'catalog' that contain the string '$1.99'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '\$1\.99' catalog </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in '/usr/dict/words' beginning with `pre', type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '^pre' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in the file 'book' that begin with the text `in the beginning', regardless of case</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -i '^in the beginning' book </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in the file 'sayings' ending with an exclamation point</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '!$' sayings </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in '/usr/dict/words' that are exactly two characters wide</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '^..$' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in '/usr/dict/words' that are 17 characters wide</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '^.\{17\}$' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in '/usr/dict/words' that are 25 or more characters wide</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '^.\{25,\}$' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in 'playlist' containing either 'the sea' or 'cake'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep 'the sea\|cake' playlist </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in '/usr/dict/words' that are not three characters wide</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v '^...$' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all lines in 'access_log' that do not contain the string 'http'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v http access_log </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in '/usr/dict/words' that only contain vowels, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -i '^[aeiou]*$' /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search across line breaks for the string 'at the same time as' in the file 'notes'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat notes | tr -d '\r\n:\>\|-' | fmt -u | grep 'at the same time as' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list lines from the file 'email-archive' that contain the word 'narrative' only when it is quoted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '^>' email-archive | grep narrative </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list lines of 'archive' containing the word 'narrative', but notquoted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep narrative archive | grep -v '^>' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show lines in '/usr/dict/words' containing any of the words in the file 'swear'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -f swear /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output lines in '/usr/dict/words' not containing any of the words in 'swear'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v -i -f swear /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search through the compressed file 'README.gz' for the text 'Linux'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zgrep Linux README.gz </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search the contents of the URL <a href="http://example.com/" <a href="http://example.com/</a>">http://example.com/</a></a> for lines containing the text 'gonzo' or `hunter'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump http://example.com/ | grep 'gonzo\|hunter' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search '/usr/dict/words' for lines matching `tsch' and output two lines of context before and after each line of output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -C tsch /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search '/usr/dict/words' for lines matching `tsch' and output six lines of context before and after each line of output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -6 tsch /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search '/usr/dict/words' for lines matching `tsch' and output two lines of context before each line of output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -B tsch /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search '/usr/dict/words' for lines matching `tsch' and output six lines of context after each line of output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -A6 tsch /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search '/usr/dict/words' for lines matching `tsch' and output ten lines of context before and three lines of context after each line of output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -B10 -A3 tsch /usr/dict/words </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>replace the string 'helpless' with the string `helpful' in all</em></strong>
files in the current directory
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e "s/helpless/helpful/g;" * </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search forward through the text you are perusing for the word 'cat'</em></strong>
/cat
<p>
<strong><em>convert the text file 'saved-mail' to PostScript, with default formatting, and spool the output right to the printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write the text file 'saved-mail' to a PostScript file, 'saved-mail.ps', and then preview it in X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -p report.ps saved-mail </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> ghostview saved-mail.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the contents of the text file 'saved-mail' on a PostScript printer, with text set in the Helvetica font at 12 points</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -B -f "Helvetica12" saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a PostScript file called 'saved-mail.ps' containing the</em></strong>
contents of the text file 'saved-mail', with text set in the
Helvetica font at 12 points
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -B -f "Helvetica12" -p saved-mail.ps saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the contents of the text file 'saved-mail' to a PostScript</em></strong>
printer, with text set in 10-point Times Roman and header text set
in 18-point Times Bold
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -f "Times-Roman10" -F "Times-Bold18" saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a PostScript file called 'saved-mail.ps' containing the</em></strong>
contents of the text file 'saved-mail', with text and headers both
set in 16-point Palatino Roman
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -f "Palatino-Roman16" -F "Palatino-Roman16" -p</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a sign in 72-point Helvetica Bold type to a PostScript</em></strong>
printer
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -B -f "Helvetica-Bold72" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a sign in 63-point Helvetica Bold across the long side of</em></strong>
the page
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -B -r --word-wrap -f "Helvetica-Bold63" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pretty-print the HTML file 'index.html'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -Ehtml index.html </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pretty-print an email message saved to the file</em></strong>
'important-mail', and output it with no headers to a file named
'important-mail.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -B -Email -p important-mail.ps important-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse a list of currently supported languages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript --help-pretty-print | less </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the contents of the text file 'saved-mail' with fancy headers on a PostScript printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -G saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a PostScript file called 'saved-mail.ps' containing the</em></strong>
contents of the text file 'saved-mail', with fancy headers
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -G -p saved-mail.ps saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the contents of the text file 'saved-mail' with a custom header label containing the current page number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -b "Page $% of the saved email archive" saved-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine whether the file 'gentle.tex' is a TeX or LaTeX file, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '\\document' gentle.tex </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a copy of the PostScript version of the SGML-Tools guide to the default printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zcat /usr/doc/sgml-tools/guide.ps.gz | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check the SGML file 'myfile.sgml'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sgmlcheck myfile.sgml </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a plain text file from 'myfile.sgml'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sgml2txt myfile.sgml </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a PostScript file from 'myfile.sgml'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sgml2latex myfile.sgml </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> latex myfile.latex </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -t letter -o myfile.ps myfile.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all the X fonts on the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xlsfonts </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all the X fonts on the system whose name contains the text 'rea'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xlsfonts '*rea*' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all the bold X fonts on the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xlsfonts '*bold*' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display the characters in a medium Courier X font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xfd -fn '-*-courier-medium-r-normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the console font to the scrawl_w font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> consolechars -f scrawl_w </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the console font to the 8x8 size sc font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> consolechars -H 8 -f sc </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all of the characters in the current console font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> showcfont </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the text 'news alert' in the default figlet font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> figlet news alert </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the text of the file 'poster' in the figlet `bubble' font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat poster | figlet -f bubble </pre>
<h3>Note</h3><hr>: The 'bubble' font is installed at `<a href="/usr/lib/figlet/bubble.flf'."><em><code>/usr/lib/figlet/bubble.flf'.</code></em></a>
<p>
<strong><em>make a banner saying 'Happy Birthday Susan'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> banner 'Happy Birthday Susan' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>preview the file '<a href="/usr/doc/gs/examples/tiger.ps'</em></strong>"><em><code>/usr/doc/gs/examples/tiger.ps'</em></strong></code></em></a>
<pre class="codeline"> ghostview /usr/doc/gs/examples/tiger.ps </pre>
<strong><em>extract only the first page from the file 'abstract.dvi' and</em></strong>
send the PostScript output to the printer
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -pp1 abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
By default, dvips will output to the printer; to save the PostScript
<p>
<strong><em>output as PostScript the pages 137 to 146 of the file 'abstract.dvi' to the file `abstract.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -pp137-146 -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>select the first ten pages, page 104, pages 23 through 28, and</em></strong>
page 2 from the file 'newsletter.ps' and write it to the file
'selection.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -p1-10,104,23-28,2 newsletter.ps selection.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write the 2nd-to-last to the tenth pages from the PostScript file </em></strong>
<strong><em>'newsletter.ps' and output them to the file 'selection.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -p_2-10 newsletter.ps selection.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>write all even pages in 'newsletter.ps' to a new file, 'even.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -e newsletter.ps even.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>select all of the odd pages in the file 'newsletter.ps' and</em></strong>
write them to a new file, 'odd.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -o newsletter.ps odd.ps </pre>
Use an underscore ('_') alone to insert a blank page, and use `-r' to
<p>
<strong><em>select the last ten pages of file 'newsletter.ps', followed by a</em></strong>
blank page, followed by the first ten pages, and output them to a
new file, 'selection.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -p_1-_10,_,1-10 newsletter.ps selection.ps </pre>
<strong><em>select the pages 59, 79, and 99 in the file 'newsletter.ps', and</em></strong>
output them in reverse order (with the 99th page first) to a new
file, 'selection.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psselect -p59,79,99 -r newsletter.ps selection.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a new PostScript file, 'double.ps', putting two pages from</em></strong>
the file 'single.ps' on each page
<pre class="codeline"> psnup -2 single.ps double.ps </pre>
To specify the paper size, give the name of a standard paper size as an
<p>
<strong><em>rearrange the pages of file 'newsletter.ps' into a signature and</em></strong>
write it to the file 'newsletter.bound.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psbook newsletter.ps newsletter.bound.ps </pre>
By default, psbook uses one signature for the entire file. If the file
<p>
<strong><em>rearrange the pages of file 'newsletter.ps' into an eight-sided</em></strong>
signature and write it to 'newsletter.bound.ps'
<pre class="codeline"> psbook -s8 newsletter.ps newsletter.bound.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>resize the file 'double.ps' to US letter-sized paper, saving to 'new.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psresize -pletter double.ps new.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>merge the files 's1.ps', 's2.ps', and 's3.ps' into a postscript file, 'slideshow.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psmerge -oslideshow.ps s1.ps s2.ps s3.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a booklet from the file 'newsletter.ps':</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psbook newsletter.ps newsletter.signature.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a double-sized booklet on letter-sized paper in landscape</em></strong>
orientation, from a file using letter-sized portrait orientation,
type:<br/>
<pre class="codeline"> psbook input.ps > temp1.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a text file, 'sutra.txt', from the input file `sutra.ps', type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps2ascii sutra.ps sutra.txt </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>see how much free space is left on the system's disks</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> df </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the disk usage for the folder tree whose root is the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the disk usage, in kilobytes, of the '/usr/local' directory tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -k /usr/local </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the number of megabytes used by the file '/tmp/cache'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -m /tmp/cache </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only the total disk usage of the '/usr/local' directory tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -s /usr/local </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output only the total disk usage, in kilobytes, of the '/usr/local' folder tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -s -k /usr/local </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>format a floppy disk in the first removable floppy drive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mke2fs /dev/fd0 </pre>
<p>
<h3>Mounting and unmounting media</h3><hr>
<p>
In order for a some piece of media to be used in Linux it
normally needs to be 'mounted' or 'unmounted'
<p>
<strong><em>mount a floppy</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount /floppy </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mount the floppy in the first floppy drive to '~/tmp'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount /dev/fd0 ~/tmp </pre>
<p>
Once you have mounted a floppy, its contents appear in the directory
you specify, and you can use any file command on them.
<p>
<strong><em>list the contents of the base directory of the floppy mounted on '/floppy'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /floppy </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the contents of the whole folder tree on the floppy mounted on '/floppy'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lR /floppy </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>umount the usb stick that is mounted on '/floppy'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> umount /floppy </pre>
<p>
You cant unmount the drive if you are in the mounted folder
<p>
<strong><em>mount a CD-ROM on the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount /cdrom ##(the contents are then available at '/cdrom/')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mount the disc in the CD-ROM drive to the '/usr/local/share/clipart' directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount /dev/cdrom /usr/local/share/clipart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>peruse a directory tree graph of the CD-ROM's contents</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tree /usr/local/share/clipart | less </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change to the root directory of the CD-ROM</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /usr/local/share/clipart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the contents of the root directory of the CD-ROM</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /usr/local/share/clipart </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>unmount the disc in the CD-ROM drive mounted on '/cdrom'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> umount /cdrom ##(if files are in use, it may be impossible to unmount)</pre>
<p>
<h3>Printing </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'invoice'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpr invoice </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>type a message with banner and send it to the printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> banner "Bon voyage!" | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a verbose, recursive listing of the '/usr/doc/HOWTO' directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lR /usr/doc/HOWTO | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send the file 'nightly-report' to the printer called bossomatic, type:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpr -P bossomatic nightly-report </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a dozen copies of the file 'nightly-report'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpr -#12 nightly-report </pre>
<p>
<h3>Printing queues </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>view the spool queue for the default printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpq </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the spool queue for the printer called bossomatic</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpq -P bossomatic </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the print jobs for user harpo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lpq harpo </pre>
<p>
<h3>Canceling print jobs </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>cancel print job 83</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lprm 83 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cancel all of your print jobs, but already spooled pages still print</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lprm - </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the current buffer with page numbers and headers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> M-x print-buffer </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the current buffer with no additional print formatting done to the text</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> M-x lpr-buffer </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a PostScript image of the current buffer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> M-x ps-print-buffer </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the DVI file 'list.dvi'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips list.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print 'home.dvi' on an envelope loaded in the manual feed tray of the printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -m -t landscape home.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the available printer formats</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gs -? </pre>
<p>
<h3>Gnu g</h3><hr>hostscript 5.10 (1998-12-17)
...more output messages...
<p>
<strong><em>convert 'tiger.ps' to a format suitable for printing on an HP Color DeskJet 500 printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gs -sDEVICE=cdj500 -sOutputFile=tiger.dj -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE tiger.ps < /dev/null </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert the file 'abstract.dvi' to PostScript</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
this command reads the dvi file 'abstract.dvi' and writes a postscript
version of it to the file 'abstract.ps'; the original file is not
<p>
<strong><em>output only pages 14 and 36 from file 'abstract.dvi' to a PostScript file, 'abstract.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -pp14,36 -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output pages 2 - 100 from 'abstract.dvi' to a postscript file, 'abstract.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -pp2-100 -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output page 1 and pages 5 to 20 from file 'abstract.dvi' to a PostScript file, 'abstract.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -pp1,5-20 -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output 'abstract.dvi' as a PostScript file, 'abstract.ps', with a paper size of `legal'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -t legal -o abstract.ps abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the file 'abstract.dvi' to the default printer in landscape mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -t landscape abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate a pdf file from the dvi file 'abstract.dvi'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvips -Ppdf -o abstract.pdf abstract.dvi </pre>
<p>
This command writes a new file, 'abstract.pdf', in PDF format.
<p>
<strong><em>convert the PDF file 'pricelist.pdf'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pdf2ps pricelist.pdf pricelist.ps </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the man page for psbook as PostScript and send it to the default printer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man -t psbook | lpr </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the man page for psbook to the file 'psbook.ps'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man -t psbook > psbook.ps </pre>
<p>
In the preceding example, you can then use gs to convert the file to a
format your non-PostScript printer understands.
<p>
<strong><em>get a directory listing of the DOS disk currently in the primary floppy drive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mdir a: </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>introduce the floppy disk in the first floppy drive as an HFS volume for the 'hfsutils'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hmount /dev/fd0 </pre>
After you run this command, the other tools in the hfsutils package
<p>
<strong><em>get a directory listing of the currently specified Macintosh disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hls </pre>
Give the name of a directory as a quoted argument.
<p>
<strong><em>get a directory listing of the 'Desktop Folder' directory in the currently specified Macintosh disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hls 'Desktop Folder' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy the file 'readme.txt' to the `Desktop Folder' directory in the current Mac disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hcopy readme.txt 'Desktop Folder' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy the file 'Desktop Folder:Readme' from the current Mac disk</em></strong>
to the current directory
<pre class="codeline"> hcopy 'Desktop Folder:Readme' . </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>delete the file 'Desktop Folder:Readme' on the current Mac disk,</em></strong>
type:<br/>
<pre class="codeline"> hdel 'Desktop Folder:Readme' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>format the disk in the first floppy drive with a Macintosh HFS filesystem</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hformat /dev/fd0 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>format the disk in the second floppy drive with a Mac HFS filesystem, giving it a volume label of 'Work Disk'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hformat -l 'Work Disk' /dev/fd1 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>format the second partition of the SCSI disk at '/dev/sd2' with a Mac HFS filesystem</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hformat /dev/sd2 2 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>format the entire SCSI disk at '/dev/sd2' with a Mac HFS filesystem, overwriting any existing Mac filesystem and giving it a label of 'Joe's Work Disk'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hformat -f -l "Joe's Work Disk" /dev/sd2 0 ##(Dangerous!!)</pre>
<p>
<h3>Times and dates</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert UNIX time to human readable date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN{print strftime("%c",1238387636)}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show a calender in english</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> LC_TIME=c cal -y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>When was your OS installed?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lct /etc | tail -1 | awk '{print $6, $7}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add the current time to your bash shell prompt</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export PS1="${PS1%\\\$*}"' \t \$ '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Binary Clock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 1 'echo "obase=2;`date +%s`" | bc'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the numeric day of the year that 21 June falls on in the current year</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d '21 Jun' +%j ##(may print '172' for example)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>hear the current system time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> saytime </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remind yourself to leave at 8:05 p.m.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> leave 2005 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ring the bell in five seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sleep 5; echo -e '\a' </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>announce the time in exactly five minutes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sleep 5m; saytime & </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>announce the time in thirty seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sleep 30; saytime </pre>
<p>
<h3>Display the current time and date </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>print todays time and date in the format '12:32am 23 July 2009'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date "+%l:%M%p %d %B %Y" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display todays date in the format '3mar2009'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date "+%d%b%Y" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out what format specifiers you can use with the 'date' command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man strftime</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>?? perl one-liner to get the current week number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date +%V</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the current date and time in RFC822 format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -R ##(prints 'Fri, 11 May 2001 11:10:29 -0400' for example)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the current system date and time in a standard format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date </pre>
<p>
This prints something like 'Fri May 11 11:10:29 EST 2001' where 'EST'
signifies the timezone (in this case 'Eastern Standard Time')
<p>
<strong><em>output the current date and time in UTC format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -u ##(prints 'Fri May 11 15:10:29 UTC 2001')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display a cool clock on your terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -t -n1 "date +%T|figlet"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Using date time stamps </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>backup the file 'eg.txt' to 'eg.txt.13may2010' (using the current date)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp eg.txt{,.$(date "+%d%b%Y")}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>backup the file 'eg.txt' with a readable format date-time stamped file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp eg.txt{,.$(date "+%d%b%Y.%I-%M%p")}</pre>
<p>
This will back up the file 'eg.txt' to 'eg.txt.13may2010.10-45am' for
example where the filename used represents the current date and time.
<p>
<strong><em>a function to back up a file with a date-time stamp name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bak(){ [ -z "$1" ] || cp $1{,.$(date "+%d%b%Y.%I-%M%p")}; } </pre>
<p>
<h3>Setting the system date and time </h3><hr>....
<p>
There are a number of ways to set the date and time on the computer.
One way is to set the time just locally. Another way is to use a
network time server to set the time, which should be more accurate in
the long run
<p>
<strong><em>advance the clock by 3 minutes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -s '+3 mins'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the hardware clock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hwclock</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the system date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rdate -s time-A.timefreq.bldrdoc.gov</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use a network time server to set the date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man ntp</pre>
<p>
<h3>Converting time and date formats </h3><hr>....
<p>
Date and times come in many different text formats, depending
on the country and whim of the date-time writer. This is very
thorny issue, but often must be dealt with. The problem is confounded
by cultural differences and ways of measuring time.
<p>
Unix-type operating systems such as Linux and Mac OSX have traditionally
used the number of milliseconds since 1970 as a universal date-time
format, but this has obvious limitations.
<p>
<strong><em>Unix time to local time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -R -d @1234567890</pre>
<p>
<h3>Converting date and time timezones </h3><hr>....
<p>
If you need to know the equivalent date and time in a different
timezone, then you will have to do a conversion.
<p>
<h3>Foreign and non local times and dates </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>show what time and date it is in new york</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TZ=America/New_York date</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the time and date in the 'Indian/Maldives' timezone </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TZ=Indian/Maldives date</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show what time and date it is in bogota, colombia </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TZ=America/Bogota date</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show what general time zones are available</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all available specific time-zones </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> f=/usr/share/zoneinfo; find $f | sed "s,$f,," | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>a function which searches for a particular time-zone by name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tiz(){ f=/usr/share/zoneinfo; find $f | sed "s,$f,," | grep -i "$1"; }; tiz perth </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all the specific time-zones for the Australian zone</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Australia</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get time in other timezones</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> let utime=$offsetutc*3600+$(date --utc +%s)+3600; date --utc --date=@${utime}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the date in the german language</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> LC_TIME=de_DE.utf8 date</pre>
<p>
<h3>Timezones </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>show the time in various timezones</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gworldclock</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the time in other timezones</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tzwatch</pre>
<p>
<h3>Greenwich mean time </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>print greenwich mean time in the format 'Fri Jul 17 16:36:24 2009'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e "print scalar(gmtime(1247848584))"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Date and time offsets </h3><hr>....
<p>
An date offset is something like '2 days ago' or 'tomorrow'.
<p>
<strong><em>retrieve GMT time from websites ( generally accruate )</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> w3m -dump_head www.fiat.com | awk '/Date+/{print $6, $7}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the time from NIST.GOV</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat </dev/tcp/time.nist.gov/13</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the date 14 days ago. </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date --date="1 fortnight ago"</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "1 fortnight ago" ##(the same)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print date 24 hours ago</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date --date=yesterday</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get yesterday's date or a previous time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d '1 day ago'; date -d '11 hour ago'; date -d '2 hour ago - 3 minute'; date -d '16 hour'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Unix time </h3><hr>....
<p>
Unix time is a number which represent the number of seconds since 1970-01-01
00:00:00 UTC
<p>
<strong><em>Easily decode unix-time (function)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> utime(){ perl -e "print localtime($1).\"\n\"";}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show the number of seconds since 1970</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date +%s</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Unix alias for date command that lets you create timestamps</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias timestamp='date "+%Y%m%dT%H%M%S"'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Convert to unix time </h3><hr>....
<p>
It can be useful to convert to unix-time when arithmetic needs to be performed
on dates or times, or when dates need to be sorted. The 'date' command does a
very good job of parsing diverse date strings (such as feb 7 2009 or
01/11/2001) with its '-d' option, but it has its limitations
<p>
<strong><em>convert a date string to the number of seconds since 1970</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "Sat Feb 7 00:37:06 EST 2009" +%s</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert tomorrows date (midnight, I suppose) into unix-time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d'tomorrow' +%s ##(prints something like '1264168894')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the final unix date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -ud @$[2**31-1]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert the date 'february 7, 2009' into unix-time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "Sat Feb 7 00:00:00 EST 2009" +%s</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "feb 7 2009" +%s</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "7 feb 2009" +%s ##(the same)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "february 7 2009" +%s ##(the same)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "7/2/2009" +%s ##(the same, expects mm/dd/yyyy)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "7/2/09" +%s ##(the same)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>these formats do NOT work (gnu date version 7.4)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "feb/7/2009" +%s ##(NO!! doesnt work, at least for me)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "7/feb/2009" +%s ##(Nor does this work!)</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "feb 2009" +%s ##(Nor does this work!)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert the date 'Dec 11 01:25:00 2008' to a unix time value</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e 'use Time::Local; print timelocal(0,25,1,11,11,2008), "\n";'</pre>
##(should print '1228919100')
<p>
<p>
<h3>Convert from unix time </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>convert unix time (seconds since 1970) to something human readable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d @1234567890</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert unix-time (seconds since 1970) to something more human-readable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e 'print scalar(gmtime(1234567890)), "\n"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert unix-time to human-readable with awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 1234567890 | awk '{ print strftime("%c", $0); }'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Calendars </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>output a calendar for the current month</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a calendar for the year 2001</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal 2001 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a calendar for the current year</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal -y </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a calendar for June 1991</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal 06 1991 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Printing multiple years with Unix cal command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for y in $(seq 2009 2011); do cal $y; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show this month's calendar, with today's date highlighted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal | grep --before-context 6 --after-context 6 --color -e " $(date +%e)" -e "^$(date +%e)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the date of easter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ncal -e</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display holidays in UK/England for 2009 (with week numbers)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gcal -K -q GB_EN 2009 </pre>
<p>
<h3>Clocks </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>Display clock in terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 1 :</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>StopWatch, simple text, hh:mm:ss using Unix Time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export I=$(date +%s); watch -t -n 1 'T=$(date +%s);E=$(($T-$I));hours=$((E / 3600)) ; seconds=$((E % 3600)) ; minutes=$((seconds / 60)) ; seconds=$((seconds % 60)) ; echo $(printf "%02d:%02d:%02d" $hours $minutes $seconds)'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Arithmetic and numbers </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>hexadecimal2decimal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%d\n" \0x64</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>floating point operations in shell scripts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "5 k 3 5 / p" | dc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>formatting number with comma</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%'d\n" 1234567</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the result of 50 times 10</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> calc 50*10 ##(prints '500')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the result of 100 times the sum of 4 plus 420</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> calc '100*(4+420)' ##(prints '42400')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the remainder of 10 divided by 3</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> calc 10%3 ##(prints '1')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use bc to compute the result of 10 divided by 3, using 20 digits after the decimal point</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bc </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Count to 65535 in binary (for no apparent reason)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> a=`printf "%*s" 16`;b=${a//?/{0..1\}}; echo `eval "echo $b"`</pre>
<p>
<h3>Bc the binary calculator </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>start the bc binary calculator in interactive mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>assign values to variables in bc and print the sum of 2 variables</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> a=4; b=7; a+b ##(prints '11' on a new line)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>raise 4 to the power of 3 and multiply the result by 10</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> 4^3; .*10 ##(you can use the '.' to access the last result)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the number of decimal places shown to 4 and compute 112 divided by 111</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> scale=4; 112/111; ##(this prints '1.0090' on a new line)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set the number of decimal places show to 10</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> scale=10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>multiply the variable 'a' by 4</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> a*=4</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Floating point power p of x</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bc -l <<< "x=2; p=0.5; e(l(x)*p)"</pre>
<p>
<h3>Random numbers </h3><hr>....
<p>
see: jot
<p>
<strong><em>lotto generator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shuf -i 1-49 | head -n6 | sort -n| xargs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs a 10-digit random number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM |cut -c3-12</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs a 10-digit random number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -c10 <(echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs a 10-digit random number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -c4 /dev/urandom | od -N4 -tu4 | sed -ne '1s/.* //p'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display rows and columns of random numbers with awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq 6 | awk '{for(x=1; x<=5; x++) {printf ("%f ", rand())}; printf ("\n")}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a random 8 digit number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> jot -r -n 8 0 9 | rs -g 0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a random 8 digit number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> jot -s '' -r -n 8 0 9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Random number generation within a range N, here N=10</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $(( $RANDOM % 10 + 1 ))</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output a random number from 0 to 9</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> random 10 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs a 10-digit random number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -c -d 0-9 < /dev/urandom | head -c 10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Printable random characters</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -dc '[:print:]' < /dev/urandom</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>a random number guessing game</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> A=1;B=100;X=0;C=0;N=$[$RANDOM%$B+1];until [ $X -eq $N ];do read -p "N between $A and $B. Guess? " X;C=$(($C+1));A=$(($X<$N?$X:$A));B=$(($X>$N?$X:$B));done;echo "Took you $C tries, Einstein";</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sort the lines of a file in a random way </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat test.txt | while read f ; do printf "$RANDOM\t%s\n" "$f"; done | sort -n | cut -f2-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print a random number with printf </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "$RANDOM %s\n" number </pre>
<p>
<h3>Sequences </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from one to seven</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq 7 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from one to negative seven</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq -7 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from nine to zero</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq 9 0 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from negative one to negative twenty</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq -1 -20 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from -1 to 14, incrementing by 3,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq -1 3 14 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output from 9 to 999, stepping by 23, with numbers padded with zeros </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq -w 9 23 999 ##(all numbers will have an equal 'width') </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the sequence of numbers from 1 to 23, with a space character between each</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq -s ' ' 1 23 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>concatenate all the files in this folder, whose names are numbers 25 to 75, into a new file called 'selected-mail'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat $(seq -s " " 25 75) > selected-mail </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the prime factors of 2000</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> factor 2000 ##(prints '2000: 2 2 2 2 5 5 5')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the number of ounces in 50 grams</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> units '50 grams' 'ounces' </pre>
<strong><em>1.7636981</em></strong>
/ 0.56699046
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>determine the location of the units database</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> units -V </pre>
units version 1.55 with readline, units database in
<a href="/usr/share/misc/units.dat"><em><code>/usr/share/misc/units.dat</code></em></a>
<p>
<strong><em>output the English text equivalent of 100,000</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> number 100000 </pre>
<p>
<h3>Mathematics</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Find out how to say the first 66 digits of pi as a word</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pi 66 | number</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fibonacci numbers with awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN {a=1;b=1;for(i=0;i<'${NUM}';i++){print a;c=a+b;a=b;b=c}}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fibonacci numbers with sh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> prev=0;next=1;echo $prev;while(true);do echo $next;sum=$(($prev+$next));prev=$next;next=$sum;sleep 1;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A handy mathematical calculator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Draw a Sierpinski triangle</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e 'print "P1\n256 256\n", map {$_&($_>>8)?1:0} (0..0xffff)' | display</pre>
<p>
<h3>Weather</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>get Hong Kong weather infomation from HK Observatory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q -O - 'http://wap.weather.gov.hk/' | sed -r 's/<[^>]+>//g;/^UV/q' | grep -v '^$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check the weather</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ZIP=48104; curl http://thefuckingweather.com/?zipcode=$ZIP 2>/dev/null|grep -A1 'div class="large"'|tr '\n' ' '|sed 's/^.*"large" >\(..\)/\1/;s/&d.* <br \/>/ - /;s/<br \/>//;s/<\/div.*$//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show current weather for any US city or zipcode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> weather() { lynx -dump "http://mobile.weather.gov/port_zh.php?inputstring=$*" | sed 's/^ *//;/ror has occ/q;2h;/__/!{x;s/\n.*//;x;H;d};x;s/\n/ -- /;q';}</pre>
<p>
<h3>Money </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Dollar-Euro exchage rate</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s wap.kitco.com/exrate.wml | awk ' BEGIN { x=0; FS = "<" } { if ($0~"^<br/>") {x=0} if (x==1) {print $1} if ($0~"EUR/US") {x=1} }'</pre>
<p>
<h3>Science</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Mirror the NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day Archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -t inf -k -r -l 3 -p -m http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View the latest astronomy picture of the day from NASA.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apod(){ local x=http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/;feh $x$(curl -s ${x}astropix.html|grep -Pom1 'image/\d+/.*\.\w+');}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Real time satellite weather wallpaper</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl http://www.cpa.unicamp.br/imagens/satelite/ult.gif | xli -onroot -fill stdin</pre>
<p>
<h3>Geography </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>find geographical location of an ip address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump http://www.ip-adress.com/ip_tracer/?QRY=$1|grep address|egrep 'city|state|country'|awk '{print $3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8}'|sed 's\ip address flag \\'|sed 's\My\\'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find geographical location of an ip address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -dump http://www.ip-adress.com/ip_tracer/?QRY=$1|sed -nr s/'^.*My IP address city: (.+)$/\1/p'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>geoip lookup, the geographical location of an ip address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> geoip(){curl -s "http://www.geody.com/geoip.php?ip=${1}" | sed '/^IP:/!d;s/<[^>][^>]*>//g' ;}</pre>
<p>
<h3>Gps global positioning system </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>send a .loc file to a garmin gps over usb</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpsbabel -D 0 -i geo -f "/path/to/.loc" -o garmin -F usb:</pre>
<p>
<h3>Shutting down the computer</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>immediately shut down and halt the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -h now </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>immediately shutdown the system, and then reboot</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -r now </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>immediately shut down and halt the system, sending a warning to all users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -h now "The system is being shut down now!" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shut down and then reboot the system at 4:23 a.m.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -r 4:23 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shut down and halt the system at 8:00 p.m.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -h 20:00 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shut down and halt the system in five minutes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -h +5 </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shut down and halt the system at midnight, and warn all logged-in users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -h 00:00 "The system is going down for maintenance at midnight" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cancel any pending shutdown</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -c </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cancel any pending shutdown and send a message to all logged in users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shutdown -c "Sorry, I hit the wrong key!" </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out where perl is installed on your system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> which perl </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a new user with a username of bucky</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> adduser bucky ##(By default, the user's home directory will be their name)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add the user doug to the audio group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> addgroup doug audio </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out how long the system has been up</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uptime </pre>
##(prints 3:34pm up 4:31, 4 users, load average: 0.01, 0.05, 0.07)
<p>
<strong><em>output a list of times when the system was rebooted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last reboot </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the name of the operating system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the release number of the operating system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname -r </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the CPU processor type of the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname -m </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output all of the uname information for the system you are on,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname -a </pre>
<p>
<strong><em>output the release name of the Debian system you are on</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/debian_version </pre>
<p>
Debian releases have historically been named after characters
from the motion picture Toy Story.
<p>
<h3>Microsoft windows </h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Change Windows Domain password from Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> smbpasswd -r <domain-server> -U <user name></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use Cygwin to talk to the Windows clipboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/clipboard; $(somecommand) > /dev/clipboard</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a Windows shared folder on the local network (Ubuntu) with user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mount -t cifs -o user,username="samba username"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>automount samba shares as devices in /mnt/</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo vi /etc/fstab; Go//smb-share/gino /mnt/place smbfs defaults,username=gino,password=pass 0 0<esc>:wq; mount //smb-share/gino</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mount a windows partition</em></strong>
sudo mkdir /media/nt/
sudo fdisk -l # find out where is the nt partition
sudo mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222 /dev/hdb1 /media/nt
<p>
<h3>Miscelaneous</h3><hr>
<p>
<h3>Making a simple debian package </h3><hr>....
<p>
The following is a procedure for creating a debian package.
<p>
<strong><em>create a 'debian/usr/bin' folder and copy the executable there</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p ./debian/usr/bin; cp someprogram ./debian/usr/bin</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a man page for the program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vim someprogram.1</pre>
##(this is an optional step)
<p>
<strong><em>create a man page folder and copy the man page there,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p ./debian/usr/share/man/man1</pre>
<pre class="codeline"> cp ./man/man1/someprogram.1 ./debian/usr/share/man/man1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>compress the man page with gzip (an option step)</em></strong>
<p>
<strong><em>create a copyright file to include in the package</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /usr/share/doc -name "copyright" ##(see examples of copyright files)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a folder for the copyright file and copy the file there</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p ./debian/usr/share/doc/someprogram; ... </pre>
<pre class="codeline"> cp ./copyright ./debian/usr/share/doc/someprogram</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out the dependencies of all programs which your program uses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dkpg -S /bin/cat ##(this will display 'coreutils: /bin/cat)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out the version numbers of dependencies</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apt-cache showpkg coreutils</pre>
##(this information is needed for the 'Dependencies' field of the control file)
<p>
make a control file..
<p>
Package: someprogram
Version: 1.1-1
Section: base
Priority: optional
Architecture: all
Depends: bash (>= 2.05a-11), textutils (>= 2.0-12), awk, procps (>= \
1:2.0.7-8), sed (>= 3.02-8), grep (>= 2.4.2-3), coreutils (>= 5.0-5)
Maintainer: James Tree <james@tree.org>
Description: parses a text stream
This script parses a text stream using a stack virtual machine
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>copy the control file to the 'DEBIAN' folder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p debian/DEBIAN; cp control debian/DEBIAN</pre>
##(on some debians: find ./debian -type d | xargs chmod 755)
<p>
<strong><em>make a change log file (an optional step)</em></strong>
xlinuxstatus (1.2-1)
<strong><em>Made Debian package lintian clean.</em></strong>
-- James Tree <james@tree.org> 2002-12-13
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>make a<a href="changelog.Debian"><em><code>changelog.Debian</code></em></a> (optional)</em></strong>
<p>
linuxstatus Debian maintainer and upstream author are identical.
Therefore see also normal changelog file for Debian changes.
,,,
<p>
<strong><em>create and rename the package file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg-deb --build debian; mv debian.deb someprogram_1.1-1_all.deb</pre>
##(or build as root 'fakeroot dpkg-deb --build debian')
<p>
<strong><em>install the newly created package </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg -i ./someprogram_1.1-1_all.deb</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove the installed package</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg -r someprogram</pre>
<p>
=;
<p>
<h3>Unix program naming </h3><hr>....
<p>
The names for Unix programs appear cryptic and seem to have no relation to
their function. However there is usually an explanation for the name. Unix
commands are traditionally very short to save typing.
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> Some Unix names explained
.. unix, a pun on the <mul>tics operating system
.. linux, <linu>s torvalds version of the uni<x> operating system
.. cat, con<cat>enate files, display all mentioned files
.. less, is a successor to the 'more' program, a file page
.. sed, <s>tream <ed>itor
.. grep, <g>lobal <r>egular <e>x<p>ression search,
.. ed, <ed>itor
.. vi, <vi>sual editor
.. vim, <v>isual editor <im>proved
.. emacs, <e>diting <mac>ro<s>
.. wc, <w>ord <c>ount
.. tar, write to a <t>ape <ar>chive
.. ls, <l>i<s>t files,
.. troff, <t>ypesetting <r>un <off> system, formats documents
.. groff, <g>nu version of the <r>un <off> system
.. perl, <p>ractical <e>xtraction and <r>reporting <l>anguage
.. awk, text processing language by <A>ho, <W>einberger, and <K>ernighan
.. cd, <c>hange <d>irectory
.. gcc, <g>nu <c> <c>ompiler
.. wget, <w>eb <get>ter
.. curl, <c>apture <url>
.. scp, <s>ecure <c>opy <p>rogram
..
<p>
<p>
<h3>Curiosities </h3><hr>....
<p>
<strong><em>A death cow thinking in your fortune cookie</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fortune -s -c -a | cowthink -d -W 45</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the cover image for an album</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> albumart(){ local y="$@";awk '/View larger image/{gsub(/^.*largeImagePopup\(.|., .*$/,"");print;exit}' <(curl -s 'http://www.albumart.org/index.php?srchkey='${y// /+}'&itempage=1&newsearch=1&searchindex=Music');}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>random xkcd comic</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> display "$(wget -q http://dynamic.xkcd.com/comic/random/ -O - | grep -Po '(?<=")http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/[^"]+(png|jpg)')"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Auto Rotate Cube (compiz)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wmctrl -o 2560,0 ;sleep 2 ; echo "FIRE 001" | osd_cat -o 470 -s 8 -c red -d 10 -f -*-bitstream\ vera\ sans-*-*-*--250-*-*-*-*-*-*-* ; sleep 1; wmctrl -o 0,0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Matrix Style</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> LC_ALL=C tr -c "[:digit:]" " " < /dev/urandom | dd cbs=$COLUMNS conv=unblock | GREP_COLOR="1;32" grep --color "[^ ]"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>read the useless use of cat awards page</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx http://partmaps.org/era/unix/award.html</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dolphins on the desktop (compiz)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xwinwrap -ni -argb -fs -s -st -sp -nf -b -- /usr/libexec/xscreensaver/atlantis -count 20 -window-id WID &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>for all who don't have the watch command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch() { while test :; do clear; date=$(date); echo -e "Every "$1"s: $2 \t\t\t\t $date"; $2; sleep $1; done }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Futurama quotations from slashdot.org servers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -e "HEAD / HTTP/1.1\nHost: slashdot.org\n\n" | nc slashdot.org 80 | egrep "Bender|Fry" | sed "s/X-//"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View the newest xkcd comic.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xkcd(){ local f=$(curl -s http://xkcd.com/);display $(echo "$f"|grep -Po '(?<=")http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/[^"]+(png|jpg)');echo "$f"|awk '/<img src="http:\/\/imgs\.xkcd\.com\/comics\/.*?" title=.*/{gsub(/^.*title=.|".*?$/,"");print}';}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>The absolutely fastest nth fibonacci number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time echo 'n=70332;m=(n+1)/2;a=0;b=1;i=0;while(m){e[i++]=m%2;m/=2};while(i--){c=a *a;a=c+2*a*b;b=c+b*b;if(e[i]){t=a;a+=b;b=t}};if(n%2)a*a+b*b;if(!n%2)a*( a+2*b)' | bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>The 1 millionth fibonacci number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time echo 'n=1000000;m=(n+1)/2;a=0;b=1;i=0;while(m){e[i++]=m%2;m/=2};while(i--){c =a*a;a=c+2*a*b;b=c+b*b;if(e[i]){t=a;a+=b;b=t}};if(n%2)a*a+b*b;if(!n%2)a *(a+2*b)' | bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Another Matrix Style Implementation</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -ne "\e[32m" ; while true ; do echo -ne "\e[$(($RANDOM % 2 + 1))m" ; tr -c "[:print:]" " " < /dev/urandom | dd count=1 bs=50 2> /dev/null ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>useless load</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/urandom | gzip -9 > /dev/null &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Gets a random Futurama quote from /.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -Is slashdot.org | egrep '^X-(F|B|L)' | cut -d \- -f 2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Futurama quotations from slashdot.org servers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -head -dump http://slashdot.org|egrep 'Bender|Fry'|sed 's/X-//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>put nothing nowhere</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/zero > /dev/null &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Random line from bash.org (funny IRC quotes)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s http://bash.org/?random1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>decode html entities with perl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -ne 'use HTML::Entities;print decode_entities($_),"\n"'</pre>
<p>
<p>
<h3>Zsh</h3><hr>
<p>
<strong><em>Get length of array in zsh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $foo[(I)$foo[-1]]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the top ten commands you use for the 'zsh' shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pe 's/.+;//' ~/.zsh_history | sort | uniq -c | sort -r|head -10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ZSH prompt. ':)' after program execution with no error, ':(' after</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> PROMPT=$'%{\e[0;32m%}%B[%b%{\e[0m%}%n%{\e[0;32m%}@%{\e[0m%}%(4c,./%1~,% ~)%{\e[0;32m%}%B]%b% %(?,%{\e[0;32m%}:%)%{\e[0m%},%{\e[0;31m%}:(%{\e[0m%}) %# '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show every subdirectory (zsh)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -ld **/*(/)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete empty directories with zsh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm -d **/*(/^F)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Postpone a command [zsh]</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <alt+q></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>zsh only: access a file when you don't know the path, if it is in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> file =top</pre>
<p>
<h3>Mac osx</h3><hr>
<p>
This book focusses more on Linux but here is a little
information about OSX
<p>
<strong><em>Enable Hibernate in OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo pmset -a hibernatemode 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>On Mac OS X, runs System Profiler Report and e-mails it to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> system_profiler | mail -s "$HOSTNAME System Profiler Report" user@domain.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Paste OS X clipboard contents to a file on a remote machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pbpaste | ssh user@hostname 'cat > ~/my_new_file.txt'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Throttling Bandwidth On A Mac</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo ipfw pipe 1 config bw 50KByte/s;sudo ipfw add 1 pipe 1 src-port 80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>OSX command to take badly formatted xml from the clipboard, cleans</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pbpaste | tidy -xml -wrap 0 | pbcopy</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Paste the contents of OS X clipboard into a new text file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pbpaste > newfile.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Zip a directory on Mac OS X and ignore .DS_Store (meta-data)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zip -vr example.zip example/ -x "*.DS_Store"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open up a man page as PDF (#OSX)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function man2pdf(){ man -t ${1:?Specify man as arg} | open -f -a preview; }</pre>
<p>
@@ <a href="http://www.sveinbjorn.org/cljg2macosx" <a href="http://www.sveinbjorn.org/cljg2macosx</a>">http://www.sveinbjorn.org/cljg2macosx</a></a>
a good macosx command line site
<p>
<strong><em>on a bsd system view information about the folder structure</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man hier</pre>
<p>
<h3>Newsreaders </h3><hr>
<p>
@@ slrn
lightweight
@@ pan
graphical, good
@@ gnus
within emacs
@@ thunderbird
@@ xpn
graphical
@@ knode
the kde app
<p>
<h3>File usage</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ filelight
shows disk usage in a graphical manner
@@ gadmin-rsync
a gui wrapper for rsync with ssh, scp etc
<p>
<h3>Terminals </h3><hr>
<p>
@@ slugterm
light weight terminal for small linuxes
@@ grdc.sf.net
remote desktop for sys admins
<p>
<h3>Graphs </h3><hr>
<p>
A simple pie chart in 'gnuplot' (and with a 3d thickness)
<p>
@@ freemind.sf.net
mind mapping charting software
<p>
<h3>Wiki</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ docuwiki
a wiki with no database backend
<p>
<h3>Music</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ amarok
@@ songbird
music playlist software
<p>
@@ frescobaldi
create musical scores from a text input file. gui application
<p>
<h3>Gps</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ gpx
an xml format for storing gps data
@@ prune
a tool for manipulating gps data
<p>
<h3>Art</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ synfig studio
a program to create animations using stick figures,
paths etc.
@@ blender
3d animations
@@ wwww.pencil-animation.org
a tool for creating traditional drawn animation
@@ <a href="http://www.morevnaproject.org">www.morevnaproject.org</a>
an open source animation (anime)
<p>
<h3>Games</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ <a href="http://www.schoolsplay.org">www.schoolsplay.org</a>
education games. a spelling pacman, flashcards etc
'childsplay'
@@ pyspace war
an asteroid shootem up
<p>
<h3>Game engines </h3><hr>....
<p>
@@ pygame
@@ sdl
@@ irrlicht.sf.net
an open source game engine, written in c++, with bindings
for other languages
<p>
<p>
<h3>Geneology</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ gramps
gui geneology builder
<p>
<h3>Blog engines </h3><hr>
<p>
@@ bilboblog
a simple blog engine
@@ lifeograph
simple diary application
<p>
<h3>Jargon</h3><hr>
<p>
@@ easter egg
Is an unexpected function hidden in a piece of software
@@ Unix-style operating system,
This is an operating system which is somewhat 'unix-like'
an included Apple OSX, Linux, FreeBSD, etc
@@ Linux flavour, Linux Distribution
Linux comes in a number of different distributions, such as
Debian, Fedora, and Ubuntu to name only some of many.
@@ regular expression
A search pattern
@@ recursive
Recursive means to do an action for some object, and then
repeat the same action for all objects which that object
contains.
@@ concatenate
join together two or more things. For example join together
2 files with 'cat a.txt b.txt > c.txt'
@@ command line
@@ shell
A shell is a piece of software which allows you to communicate
with the computer by typing (rather cryptic) commands, and
watching the output of those commands. This book focusses on
the 'Bash' shell, which is probably the most popular shell
on Unix, Linux and Apple OsX.
@@ terminal
The terminal is a piece of software which allows you to use
the 'shell'. Examples are 'Konsole' for KDE
@@ program
A program is really just a piece of software which does
something on the computer.
@@ parse, parsing
parsing is the process of analysing and splitting into its
structure a text pattern. This is a very important task on all
computer systems, since a great deal of data processing involves
the parsing of one text pattern, and then the transformation of
that pattern into another format.
@@ thread
@@ daemon
@@ process
These are similar but important concepts
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center> printing jargon
@@ pretty-print
This refers to the process of preparing some piece of text
automatically in some way which is pleasing to read once printed
on a piece of paper or on a computer screen. The term is
ambiguous since it can refer to the application of colour to
a text file or to the changing and formatting of indentation and
paragraph width
<p>
<h3>Notes and ideas</h3><hr>
<p>
This section should contain references to things which I
think would be worthwhile investigating but which I havent
and may well never get round to doing.
<p>
grsync. gimp thresholds. sea horse for encrypt
<p>
vnc and vino for remote control
Tweetdeck, bluefish, dropbox,
dialog, gdialog,
<p>
xxd - hexdumps
<p>
kompozer,
<p>
<h3>Organisation</h3><hr>
<p>
<center><h3 class="page-title"></h3></center>
.. zim - note taker
.. tomboy - note taker
.. fzapper
..
<p>
<h3>Document</h3><hr>-NOTES:<br/>
<p>
# this section contains information about the document and
# will not normally be printed.
<p>
# a small icon image, filename relative to the "htdocs" folder
document-icon: <a href="/img/icon/linux-penguin.png"><em><code>/img/icon/linux-penguin.png</code></em></a>
#
document-image:<br/>
# what sort of document is this
document-type: book
# in what kind of state (good or bad) is this document
document-quality: good
# when was this document last updated
last-revision: jan 2010
<p>
# a history of work on the document
document-history:<br/>
@@ 2009
document begun
@@ jan 2010 revision
@@ 5 jan 2010
incorporated rewritten recipes from dsl.org
@@ 8 jan 2010
got 4032 recipes from commandlinefu.com
@@ early jan 2010
more detailed enscript description. This enscript chapter
has now (april 2010) been moved to the 'linux-documentation-book.txt'
although a few enscript recipes remain.
@@ 24 jan 2010
added information about the 'halibut' and 'markdown' text
transformation systems.
@@ 25 jan 2010
removed a large quantity of unclassified recipes which had
been incorporated from 'commandlinefu.com'
@@ 26 march 2010
removed linux sound chapters into a separate book since it
was getting to big
@@ 27 march 2010
some general tidying up, classifying recipes. The task of
cleaning and verifying all the commandfu recipes is a
big one
@@ 30 march 2010
added some zenity info
@@ 2 april 2010
continuing with the rather overwhelming task of attempting
to analyse all the recipes from commandlinefu.com and
classify and weed them out.
@@ 21 april 2010
some tidying up. wrote a vim command (:Bsi) to create screenshots of
oneline commands and save them in the 'image' subfolder. Also the
':Bci' command just creates and displays a test image without saving it
into the image folder. When building with the 'booktolatex.sed',
'booktolatex.cgi' scripts, we still have the problem that right aligned
images 'push' the recipes out of alignment.
@@ 6 may 2010
a little clean up of the 'introduction to the command line'. I
had the idea of writing a 'culture shock' section for Microsoft
users who are coming to Linux.
<p>
# work that needs to be done on this document
to-do:<br/>
A great deal of work needs to be carried out
@@ enscript
reorganise the enscript recipes which came from the
linux cook-book.
<p>
#
# who wrote this
authors: mjb ~ <a href="http://bumble.sf.net" <a href="http://bumble.sf.net</a>">http://bumble.sf.net</a></a>
<p>
# a short description of the contents, possible used for doc lists
short-description: recipes for using linux from the command line
<p>
# a computer language used in the document (this helps latex pretty print)
code-language: bash
<p>
# the script which will be used to produce html (a webpage)
make-html: ./book-html.sh
<p>
# the script which will produce 'LaTeX' output (for printing, pdf etc)
make-latex:<br/>
<p>
# one liners which may be useful
# book-scripts:<br/>
<p>
<strong><em>section and subsection headings can be viewed with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n '/\.\{4\}$/s/^/ /;/^ *[[:upper:]]\{2\}[^[:lower:]]*$/p' book.txt</pre>
<p>
<h3>Command fu notes</h3><hr>
<p>
This section contains commands got from 'commandfu.com'
and not yet classified or analysed.
<p>
<strong><em>Like top, but for files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -d -n 2 'df; ls -FlAt;'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick case-insensitive partial filename search</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias lg='ls --color=always | grep --color=always -i'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch the progress of 'dd'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/urandom of=file.img bs=4KB& pid=$!</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Processor / memory bandwidthd? in GB/s</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1M count=32768</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Share a terminal screen with others</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> % screen -r someuser/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show directories in the PATH, one per line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ( IFS=:; for p in $PATH; do echo $p; done )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Tweak system files without invoking a root shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "Whatever you need" | sudo tee [-a] /etc/system-file.cfg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Look for IPv4 address in files.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias ip4grep "grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>fuman, an alternative to the 'man' command that shows commandlinefu tips</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fuman(){ lynx -width=$COLUMNS -nonumbers -dump "http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/using/$1" | less; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Reconnect to screen without disconnecting other sessions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> screen -xR</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate a binary file with all ones (0xff) in it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr '\000' '\377' < /dev/zero | dd of=allones bs=1024 count=2k</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print stack trace of a core file without needing to enter gdb</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias gdbbt="gdb -q -n -ex bt -batch"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove color codes (special characters) with sed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,3}((;[0-9]{1,3})*)?)?[m|K]//g</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>calulate established tcp connection of local machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -an|grep -ci "tcp.*established"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using column to format a directory listing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (printf "PERMISSIONS LINKS OWNER GROUP SIZE MONTH DAY HH:MM PROG-NAME\n" \ ; ls -l | sed 1d) | column -t</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Port scan a range of hosts with Netcat.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in {21..29}; do nc -v -n -z -w 1 192.168.0.$i 443; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>calulate established tcp connection of local machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -an | awk '$1 ~ /[Tt][Cc][Pp]/ && $NF ~ /ESTABLISHED/{i++}END{print "Connected:\t", i}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To get internet connection information .</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo /bin/netstat -tpee</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy via tar pipe while preserving file permissions </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp -pr olddirectory newdirectory</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show GCC-generated optimization commands when using the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cc -march=native -E -v - </dev/null 2>&1 | grep cc1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show in a web server, running in the port 80, how many ESTABLISHED</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -ant | grep :80 | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '{print $5}' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Count all conections estabilished on gateway</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack | grep ESTABLISHED | grep -c -v ^#</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List programs with open ports and connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -ntauple</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Alternative size (human readable) of files and directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -ms * .[^.]*| sort -nk1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Uniformly correct filenames in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *;do mv "$i" "$(echo $i | sed s/PROBLEM/FIX/g)";done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a shell with a not available account</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> su - <user> -s /bin/sh -c "/bin/sh"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Size(k) of directories(Biggest first)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -depth -type d -exec du -s {} \; | sort -k1nr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>purge installed but unused linux headers, image, or modules</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort lines using the Xth characted as the start of the sort string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sort -k1.x</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Poor man's nmap for a class C network from rfc1918</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ( nw=192.168.0 ; h=1; while [ $h -lt 255 ] ; do ( ping -c2 -i 0.2 -W 0.5 -n $nw.$h & ); h=$[ $h + 1 ] ; done ) | awk '/^64 bytes.*/ { gsub( ":","" ); print $4 }' | sort -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Random numbers with Ruby</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ruby -e "puts (1..20).map {rand(10 ** 10).to_s.rjust(10,'0')}"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find listening ports by pid</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -nP +p 24073 | grep -i listen | awk '{print $1,$2,$7,$8,$9}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lock your KDE4 remotely (via regular KDE lock)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> DISPLAY=:0 /usr/lib/kde4/libexec/krunner_lock --forcelock >/dev/null 2>&1 &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List last opened tabs in firefox browser</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> F="$HOME/.moz*/fire*/*/session*.js" ; grep -Go 'entries:\[[^]]*' $F | cut -d[ -f2 | while read A ; do echo $A | sed s/url:/\n/g | tail -1 | cut -d\" -f2; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Break lines after, for example 78 characters, but don't break</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fold -w 78 -s file-to-wrap</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Function that counts recursively number of lines of all files in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> count() { find $@ -type f -exec cat {} + | wc -l; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Go to the next sibling directory in alphabetical order, version 2</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd ../"$(ls -F ..|grep '/'|grep -A1 `basename $PWD`|tail -n 1)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find largest file in /var</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /var -mount -ls -xdev | /usr/bin/sort -nr +6 | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show established network connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -i | grep -i estab</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Start screen with name and run command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> screen -dmS "name_me" echo "hi"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Replace Solaris vmstat numbers with human readable format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vmstat 1 10 | /usr/xpg4/bin/awk -f ph-vmstat.awk</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Browse shared folder when you're the only Linux user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> smbclient -U userbob //10.1.1.75/Shared</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>connect to all screen instances running</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> screen -ls | grep pts | gawk '{ split($1, x, "."); print x[1] }' | while read i; do gnome-terminal -e screen\ -dx\ $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use ImageMagick to get an image's properties</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> identify -ping imageName.png</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -P -i -n | cut -f 1 -d " "| uniq | tail -n +2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send echo to socket network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "foo" > /dev/tcp/192.168.1.2/25</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Colorized grep in less</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep --color=always | less -R</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search recursively to find a word or phrase in certain file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.[ch]" -exec grep -i -H "search pharse" {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively change permissions on files, leave directories alone.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ensure your ssh tunnel will always be up (add in crontab)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [[ $(COLUMNS=200 ps faux | awk '/grep/ {next} /ssh -N -R 4444/ {i++} END {print i}') ]] || nohup ssh -N -R 4444:localhost:22 user@relay &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download from Rapidshare Premium using wget - Part 1</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget --save-cookies ~/.cookies/rapidshare --post-data "login=USERNAME&password=PASSWORD" -O - https://ssl.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/premiumzone.cgi > /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively lists all files in the current directory, except the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -wholename './.snapshot' -prune -o -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor Linux/MD RAID Rebuild</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 5 -d cat /proc/mdstat</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>memcache affinity: queries local memcached for stats, calculates</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -en "stats\r\n" "quit\r\n" | nc localhost 11211 | tr -s [:cntrl:] " "| cut -f42,48 -d" " | sed "s/\([0-9]*\)\s\([0-9]*\)/ \2\/\1*100/" | bc -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>nmap IP block and autogenerate comprehensive Nagios service</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -sS -O -oX /tmp/nmap.xml 10.1.1.0/24 -v -v && perl nmap2nagios.pl -v -r /tmp/10net.xml -o /etc/nagios/10net.cfg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert df command to posix; uber GREPable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> df -P</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List top 20 IP from which TCP connection is in SYN_RECV state</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -pant 2> /dev/null | grep SYN_ | awk '{print $5;}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail -20</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show what a given user has open using lsof</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -u www-data</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all programs connected or listening on a network port</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias nsl 'netstat -f inet | grep -v CLOSE_WAIT | cut -c-6,21-94 | tail +2'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show number of NIC's, ports per nic and PCI address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci | grep Ether | awk '{ VAR=$1; split(VAR,ARR,"."); count[ARR[1]]++; LINE=$0; split(LINE,LINEARR,":"); LINECOUNT[ARR[1]]=LINEARR[3]; } END { for(i in count) { printf("PCI address: %s\nPorts: %d\nCard Type: %s\n", i, count[i], LINECOUNT[i]) } }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>locate bin, src, and man file for a command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> whereis somecommand</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display all readline bindings that use CTRL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bind -p | grep -F "\C"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Synchronise a file from a remote server</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rsync -av -e ssh user@host:/path/to/file.txt .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Is it a terminal?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> isatty(){ test -t $1; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create disk copy over the net without temp files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> SOURCE: dd if=/dev/sda bs=16065b | netcat ip-target 1234 TARGET: netcat -l -p 1234 | dd of=/dev/mapper/laptop bs=16065b STATS on target: watch -n60 -- kill -USR1 $(pgrep dd)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Write a listing of all directories and files on the computer to an archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo ls -RFal / | gzip > all_files_list.txt.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Collect a lot of icons from /usr/share/icons (may overwrite some,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir myicons && find /usr/share/icons/ -type f | xargs cp -t myicons</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy ACL of one file to another using getfacl and setfacl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getfacl <file-with-acl> | setfacl -f - <file-with-no-acl></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine if tcp port is open</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -p 80 hostname</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine if tcp port is open</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> if (nc -zw2 www.example.com 80); then echo open; fi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Strace all signals processes based on a name ( The processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> straceprocessname(){ x=( $(pgrep "$@") ); [[ ${x[@]} ]] || return 1; strace -vf ${x[@]/#/-p }; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>last.fm rss parser</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '/<link>/{gsub(/.*<link>|<\/link>.*/,"");print "<li><a href=\042"$0"\042> "t"</a>" } /<title>/{gsub(/.*<title>|<\/title>.*/,"");t=$0 }' file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>last.fm rss parser</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep "<link>|<title>" recenttracks.rss | awk 'ORS=NR%2?" ":"\n"' | awk -F "" '{print $2, $1}' | sed -e 's/\/\\/\">/' -e 's/\//' -e 's/$/\<\/a\>\<\/li\>/g' -e '1,1d' -e 's/^[ \t]*//'
Mount a partition from dd disk image
mount -o loop,offset=$((512*x)) /path/to/dd/image /mount/path
Sorted list of established destination connections
netstat | awk '/EST/{print $5}' | sort
List all symbolic links in current directory
\ls -1 | xargs -l readlink
remove files and directories with acces time older than a given
touch -t "YYYYMMDDhhmm.ss" dummy ; find . -anewer dummy
Show sorted list of files with sizes more than 1MB in the current
du | sort -nr | cut -f2- | xargs du -hs
exit if another instance is running
if [ `fuser $0|wc -w` -gt "1" ];then exit; fi
Find files recursively that were updated in the last hour ignoring
find . -mmin -60 -not -path "*svn*" -print|more
Clean your broken terminal
reset
umount all nfs mounts on machine
mount | grep : | awk {'print $3'} | xargs sudo umount -v
Get your external IP address with a random commandlinefu.com
IFS=$'\n';cl=($(curl -s http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/matching/external/ZXh0ZXJuYWw=/so rt-by-votes/plaintext|sed -n '/^# Get your external IP address$/{n;p}'));c=${cl[$(( $RANDOM % ${#cl[@]} ))]};eval $c;echo "Command used: $c"
Counts number of lines (in source code excluding comments)
find . -name '*.java' | xargs -L 1 cpp -fpreprocessed | grep . | wc -l
Empty a file
truncate -s0 file
grep -v with multiple patterns.
grep test somefile | grep -v -e error -e critical -e warning
Set creation timestamp of a file to the creation timestamp of
touch -r "$FILE1" "$FILE2"
Commit command to history file immedeately after execution
PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"
Make directories for and mount all iso files in a folder
for file in *.iso; do mkdir `basename $file | awk -F. '{print $1}'`; sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop $file `basename $file | awk -F. '{print $1}'`; done
disk space email alert
[ $(df / | perl -nle '/([0-9]+)%/ && print $1') -gt 90 ] && df -hP | mutt -s "Disk Space Alert -- $(hostname)" admin@example.com
Stop long commands wrapping around and over-writing itself in the
shopt -s checkwinsize
download all the presentations from UTOSC2009
b="http://2009.utosc.com"; for p in $( curl -s $b/presentation/schedule/ | grep /presentation/[0-9]*/ | cut -d"\"" -f2 ); do f=$(curl -s $b$p | grep "/static/slides/" | cut -d"\"" -f4); if [ -n "$f" ]; then echo $b$f; curl -O $b$f; fi done
Functions to display, save and restore $IFS
ifs () { echo -n "${IFS}"|hexdump -e '"" 10/1 "'\''%_c'\''\t" "\n"' -e '"" 10/1 "0x%02x\t" "\n\n"'|sed "s/''\|\t0x[^0-9]//g; $,/^$/d"
Schedule Nice Background Commands That Won't Die on Logout -
( trap '' 1; ( nice -n 19 sleep 2h && command rm -v -rf /garbage/ &>/dev/null && trap 1 ) & )
Go get those photos from a Picasa album
wget 'link of a Picasa WebAlbum' -O - |perl -e'while(<>){while(s/"media":{"content":\[{"url":"(.+?\.JPG)//){print "$1\n"}}' |wget -w1 -i -
32 bits or 64 bits?
sudo lshw -C cpu|grep width
Show current pathname in title of terminal
export PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${PWD/#$HOME/~}\007";'
print all except first collumn
cut -f 2- -d " "
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory
find . -type f -exec grep -i \;
Find and display most recent files using find and perl
find $HOME -type f -print0 | perl -0 -wn -e '@f=<>; foreach $file (@f){ (@el)=(stat($file)); push @el, $file; push @files,[ @el ];} @o=sort{$a->[9]<=>$b->[9]} @files; for $i (0..$#o){print scalar localtime($o[$i][9]), "\t$o[$i][-1]\n";}'|tail
create SQL-statements from textfile with awk
$ awk '{printf "select * from table where id = %c%s%c;\n",39,$1,39; }' inputfile.txt
Send a local file via email
cat filename | mail -s "Email subject" user@example.com
Track X Window events in chosen window
xev -id `xwininfo | grep 'Window id' | awk '{print $4}'`
Test file system performance
bonnie++ -n 0 -u 0 -r -s <2 x physical ram> -f -b -d
(Git) Revert files with changed mode, not content
git diff --numstat | awk '{if ($1 == "0" && $1 == "0") print $3}' | xargs git checkout HEAD
Instant mirror from your laptop + webcam
mplayer tv:// -vf mirror
Instant mirror from your laptop + webcam
cvlc v4l2:// :vout-filter=transform :transform-type=vflip :v4l2-width=320 :v4l2-height=240 -f &
Shorten any Url using bit.ly API, using your API Key which
curl "http://api.bit.ly/shorten?version=2.0.1&longUrl=&login=&apiKey="
Archive all SVN repositories in platform indepenent form
budir=/tmp/bu.$$;for name in repMainPath/*/format;do dir=${name%/format};bufil=dumpPath/${dir##*/};svnadmin hotcopy --clean-logs $dir $budir;svnadmin dump --delta $budir>$bufil;rm -rf $budir;done
preprocess code to be posted in comments on this site
sed 's/^/$ /' "$script" | xclip
send echo to socket network
echo foo | netcat 192.168.1.2 25
Display the standard deviation of a column of numbers with awk
awk '{delta = $1 - avg; avg += delta / NR; mean2 += delta * ($1 - avg); } END { print sqrt(mean2 / NR); }'
Compute running average for a column of numbers
awk '{avg += ($1 - avg) / NR;} END { print avg; }'
Route outbound SMTP connections through a addtional IP address
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp --dport 25 -j SNAT --to-source IP_TO_ROUTE_THROUGH
Check if x509 certificate file and rsa private key match
diff <(openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in server.crt ) <( openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in server.key )
clone ide hard disk
sudo dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdb2
Update Ping.fm status
curl -d api_key="$api_key" -d user_app_key="$user_app_key -d body="$body" -d post_method="default" http://api.ping.fm/v1/user.post
Send a signed and encrypted email from the command line
echo "SECRET MESSAGE" | gpg -e --armor -s | sendmail USER@DOMAIN.COM
fetch all revisions of a specific file in an SVN repository
svn log fileName | sed -ne "/^r\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/{;s//\1/;s/.*/svn cat fileName@& > fileName.r&/p;}" | sh -s
Ultimate current directory usage command
du -a --max-depth=1 | sort -n | cut -d/ -f2 | sed '$d' | while read i; do if [ -f $i ]; then du -h "$i"; else echo "$(du -h --max-depth=0 "$i")/"; fi; done
Reinstall Grub
sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sda1
xxhere
dstat- this command is powerful one to monitor system activity .
dstat -afv
Search for an active process without catching the search-process
ps -ef | awk '/process-name/ && !/awk/ {print}'
Replace Every occurrence of a word in a file
perl -p -i -e 's/this/that/g' filename
Get a list of all your VirtualBox virtual machines by name and
VBoxManage list vms
run a VirtualBox virtual machine without a gui
VBoxHeadless -s
Start a command on only one CPU core
taskset -c 0 your_command
Resume an emerge, and keep all object files that are already
FEATURES=keepwork emerge --resume
Synchronize both your system clock and hardware clock and
ntpdate pool.ntp.org && hwclock --systohc && hwclock --adjust
'Fix' a typescript file created by the 'script' program to remove
cat typescript | perl -pe 's/\e([^\[\]]|\[.*?[a-zA-Z]|\].*?\a)//g' | col -b > typescript-processed
Replace all tabs with spaces in an application
grep -PL "\t" -r . | grep -v ".svn" | xargs sed -i 's/\t/ /g'
Getting Screen's Copy Buffer Into X's Copy Buffer (on Linux)
Type "c-a b" in gnu screen after updating your .screenrc (See Description below).
using scanner device from command line
scanimage -d mustek_usb --resolution 100 --mode Color > image.pnm
Make a directory named with the current date
mkdir `date --iso`
Duplicating service runlevel configurations from one server to
chkconfig --list | fgrep :on | sed -e 's/\(^.*\)*0:off/\1:/g' -e 's/\(.\):on/\1/g' -e 's/.:off//g' | tr -d [:blank:] | awk -F: '{print$2,$1}' | ssh host 'cat > foo'
Validate and pretty-print JSON expressions.
echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -m simplejson.tool
Find and delete oldest file of specific types in directory tree
find / \( -name "*.log" -o -name "*.mylogs" \) -exec ls -lrt {} \; | sort -k6,8 | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f8- | tr -d '\n' | xargs -0 rm
Remove all backup files in my home directory
find ~user/ -name "*~" -exec rm {} \;
Get an IP address out of fail2ban jail
iptables -D fail2ban-SSH -s -j DROP
Safe Delete
shred -n33 -zx file; rm file
Search for files older than 30 days in a directory and list only
find /var/www/html/ -type f -mtime +30 -exec basename {} \;
Working random fact generator
lynx -dump randomfunfacts.com | grep -A 3 U | sed 1D
Mac OS X: Change Color of the ls Command
export LSCOLORS=gxfxcxdxbxegedabagacad
split source code to page with numbers
pr -l 40 bitree.c > printcode; split -40 printcode -d page_
Pick a random image from a directory (and subdirectories) every
while true; do xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path -s "$(find -type f -iregex '.*\.\(bmp\|gif\|jpg\|png\)$' | sort -R | head -1)"; sleep 30m; done
Change wallpaper for xfce4 >= 4.6.0
xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -p /backdrop/screen0/monitor0/image-path -s
Prevent non-root users from logging in
touch /etc/nologin
Display time of accounts connection on a system
ac -p
Change Gnome wallpaper
gconftool-2 -t string -s /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename
Clone current directory into /destination verbosely
find . | cpio -pumdv /destination
Mount a disk image (dmg) file in Mac OSX
hdiutil attach somefile.dmg
Connect to all running screen instances
for i in `screen -ls | perl -ne'if(/^\s+\d+\.([^\s]+)/){print $1, " "}'`; do gnome-terminal -e "screen -x $i"; done
compare two Microsoft Word documents
meld <(antiword microsoft_word_a.doc) <(antiword microsoft_word_b.doc)
Mount important virtual system directories under chroot'ed
for i in sys dev proc; do sudo mount --bind /$i /mnt/xxx/$i; done
Set Time Zone in Ubuntu
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Summarise the size of all files matching a simple regex
find /path/to/my/files/ -type f -name "*txt*" | xargs du -k | awk 'BEGIN{x=0}{x=x+$1}END{print x}'
Root shell
sudo -i
Remove all hidden files in a directory
rm -r .??*
Prints any IP out of a file
perl -ne 'while (/([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+/g) {print "$&\n"};' file.txt
Dump HTTP header using wget
wget --server-response --spider http://www.example.com/
backup your entire hosted website using cPanel backup interface
wget --http-user=YourUsername --http-password=YourPassword http://YourWebsiteUrl:2082/getbackup/backup-YourWebsiteUrl-`date +"%-m-%d-%Y"`.tar.gz
Copy input sent to a command to stderr
rev <<< 'lorem ipsum' | tee /dev/stderr | rev
create a simple version of ls with extended output
alias l='ls -CFlash'
Make info pages much less painful
pinfo date
print battery , thermal , and cooling info
acpi -tc
View a man page on a nice interface
yelp man:foo
Emptying a text file in one shot
:1,$d
find an unused unprivileged TCP port
netstat -atn | awk ' /tcp/ {printf("%s\n",substr($4,index($4,":")+1,length($4) )) }' | sed -e "s/://g" | sort -rnu | awk '{array [$1] = $1} END {i=32768; again=1; while (again == 1) {if (array[i] == i) {i=i+1} else {print i; again=0}}}'
Change files case, without modify directories, recursively
find ./ -name '*.JPG' -type f -execdir rename -f 'y/A-Z/a-z/' {} \+
force unsupported i386 commands to work on amd64
setarch i386 [command [args]]
Combine all .mpeg files in current directory into one big one.
cat *.mpg > all.mpg
Output system statistics every 5 seconds with timestamp
while [ 1 ]; do echo -n "`date +%F_%T`" ; vmstat 1 2 | tail -1 ; sleep 4; done
Tail a log file with long lines truncated
tail -f logfile.log | cut -b 1-80
Spell check the text in clipboard (paste the corrected clipboard
xclip -o > /tmp/spell.tmp; aspell check /tmp/spell.tmp ; cat /tmp/spell.tmp | xclip
Display information sent by browser
nc -l 8000
Determine the version of a specific package with RPM
rpm -q --qf "%{VERSION}\n" redhat-release
add a gpg key to aptitute package manager in a ubuntu system
wget -q http://xyz.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
Quick calculator at the terminal
echo "$math_expr" | bc -l
Remove embedded fonts from a pdf.
gs -sDEVICE=pswrite -sOutputFile=- -q -dNOPAUSE With-Fonts.pdf -c quit | ps2pdf - > No-Fonts.pdf
Quick plotting of a function
seq 0 0.1 20 | awk '{print $1, cos(0.5*$1)*sin(5*$1)}' | graph -T X
Add thousand separator with sed, in a file or within pipe
sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' filename
Downsample mp3s to 128K
for f in *.mp3 ; do lame --mp3input -b 128 "$f" ./resamp/"$f" ; done
start vim in diff mode
vimdiff file{1,2}
Time Synchronisation with NTP
ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com pool.ntp.org
Lists architecture of installed RPMs
rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME} %{ARCH}\n"
Display usb power mode on all devices
for i in `find /sys/devices/*/*/usb* -name level` ; do echo -n "$i: " ; cat $i ; done
Display a list of RPMs installed on a particular date
rpm -qa --queryformat '%{installtime} \"%{vendor}\" %{name}-%{version}-%{release} %{installtime:date}\n' | grep "Thu 05 Mar"
create a backup for all directories from current dir
find -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} tar -cvzf {}.tar.gz {}
Display 6 largest installed RPMs sorted by size (descending)
rpm -qa --qf '%{SIZE} %{NAME}\n' | sort -nr | nl | head -6 # six largest RPMs
Convert embedded spaces in filenames to "_" (underscore)
ls -1 | grep " " | awk '{printf("mv \"%s\" ",$0); gsub(/ /,"_",$0); printf("%s\n",$0)}' | sh # rename filenames: spaces to "_"
Display kernel profile of currently executing functions in
lockstat -I -i 977 -s 30 -h sleep 1 > /tmp/profile.out
List all the files that have been deleted while they were still
lsof | egrep "^COMMAND|deleted"
Search through all installed packages names (on RPM systems)
rpm -qa \*code\*
Binary injection
echo -n $HEXBYTES | xxd -r -p | dd of=$FILE seek=$((0x$OFFSET)) bs=1 conv=notrunc
Forwards connections to your port 2000 to the port 22 of a remote
ssh -NL 2000:remotehost:22 remotehost
Change the extension of a filename by using rename to convert
rename .JPG .jpg *.JPG
Repeatedly send a string to stdout-- useful for going through
yes "text" | annoying_installer_program # "text" defaults to the letter y
Remove annoying OS X DS_Store folders
find . -name .DS_Store -exec rm {} \;
Copy the text from the 3rd line to the 9th line into a new file
:3,9w new_file
cat stdout of multiple commands
cat <( command1 arg arg ) <( command2 arg ) ...
Find commets in jpg files.
find / -name "*.jpg" -print -exec rdjpgcom '{}' ';'
View a file with less, starting at the end of the file
less +G
vi case insensitive search
:set ic
"hidden" remote shell
ssh -T user@host /bin/bash -i
Find all files with root SUID or SGID executables
sudo find / -type f \( -perm /4000 -a -user root \) -ls -o \( -perm /2000 -a -group root \) -ls
Delete empty directories recursively
find -depth -type d -empty -exec rmdir -v {} \;
Remove several files with ease
rm file{1..10}
Prints new content of files
tail -f file1 (file2 .. fileN)
Extract icons from windows exe/dll
wrestool -x --output . -t14 /path/to/your-file.exe
Know which version dpkg/apt considers more recent
dpkg --compare-versions 1.0-2ubuntu5 lt 1.1-1~raphink3 && echo y || echo n
Replace "space" char with "dot" char in current directory file
ls -1 | while read a; do mv "$a" `echo $a | sed -e 's/\ /\./g'`; done
sort ugly text
sort -bdf
Recursive Search and Replace
perl -pi -e's///g' `grep -Rl //*`
remove all snapshots from all virtual machines in vmware esx
time vmware-cmd -l | while read x; do printf "$x"; vmware-cmd "$x" removesnapshots; done
Print the last modified file
ls -t1 | head -n1
Symlink all files from a base directory to a target directory
for f in $(ls -d /base/*); do ln -s $f /target; done && ls -al /target
Create passwords and store safely with gpg
tr -dc "a-zA-Z0-9-_\$\?" < /dev/urandom | head -c 10 | gpg -e -r medha@nerdish.de > password.gpg
Type strait into a file from the terminal.
cat /dev/tty > FILE
convert a pdf to jpeg
sips -s format jpeg Bild.pdf --out Bild.jpg
Cleanly manage tempfiles in scripts
TMPROOT=/tmp; TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d $TMPROOT/somedir.XXXXXX); TMPFILE=$(mktemp $TMPROOT/somefile.XXXXXX); trap "rm -rf $TMPDIR $TMPFILE; exit" INT TERM EXIT; some treatment using $TMPDIR and $TMPFILE; exit 0
1:1 copy of a volume
find / -xdev -print | cpio -pdmuv /mnt/mydisk
sort through source to find most common authors
find . -type f -name "*.java" -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 svn blame | sed -n 's/^[^a-z]*\([a-z]*\).*$/\1/p' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
Drop or block attackers IP with null routes
sudo route add xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx gw 127.0.0.1 lo
split a string (3)
OLD_IFS="$IFS"; IFS=: ARRAY=($PATH); echo ${ARRAY[2]}; IFS="$OLD_IFS"
get your terminal back after it's been clobbered
reset
Set file access control lists
setfacl -m u:john:r-- myfile
Compress logs older than 7 days
find /path/to/files -type f -mtime +7 | grep -v \.gz | xargs gzip
restore the contents of a deleted file for which a descriptor is
N="filepath" ; P=/proc/$(lsof +L1 | grep "$N" | awk '{print $2}')/fd ; ls -l $P | sed -rn "/$N/s/.*([0-9]+) ->.*/\1/p" | xargs -I_ cat $P/_ > "$N"
Quickest way to sort/display # of occurences
"some line input" | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
Copy a file from a remote server to your local box using
rsync -Pz user@remotehost:/path/file.dat .
Show current iptables rules, with line numbers
iptables -nL -v --line-numbers
Find out the last times your system was rebooted (for the duration
last reboot
Follow a new friend on twitter
curl -u USERNAME:PASSWORD -d "" http://twitter.com/friendships/create/NAMEOFNEWFRIEND.xml?follow=true
checking space availabe on all /proc/mounts points (using Nagios
check_disk -w 15% -c 10% $(for x in $(cat /proc/mounts |awk '{print $2}')\; do echo -n " -p $x "\; done)
doing some floating point math
echo "8000000/(20*6*86400)" | bc -l
List all active access_logs for currently running Apache or
lsof -p $(netstat -ltpn|awk '$4 ~ /:80$/ {print substr($7,1,index($7,"/")-1)}')| awk '$9 ~ /access.log$/ {print $9| "sort -u"}'
Empty the linux buffer cache
sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Delete .svn directories and content recursively
`find . -iname ".svn" -type d | sed -e "s/^/rm -rfv /g"`
Clean up after a poorly-formed tar file
tar ztf tar-lacking-subdirectory.tar.gz | xargs rm
Simple complete system backup excluding files or directories
tar zcpf backup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=backup.tgz /
Comma insertions
perl -pe '$_=reverse;s/\d{3}(?=\d)(?!.*?\.)/$&,/g;$_=reverse'
Double your disk read performance in a single command
blockdev --setra 1024 /dev/sdb
Check ps output to see if file is running, if not start it
ps -C thisdaemon || { thisdaemon & }
Generate a Random Password
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=32 2>/dev/null | base64 -w 0 | rev | cut -b 2- | rev
decode base64
echo -n $@ | openssl base64
Make a high definition VNC
vncserver -nohttpd -name hidef-server -depth 24 -geometry 1440x900
Finding the number of cpu's
grep -c -e '^cpu[0-9]\+' /proc/stat
Search inside a folder of jar/zip files
find . -name "*.jar" | xargs -tn1 jar tvf | grep --color "SearchTerm"
Netstat Connection Check
netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail
Email a file to yourself
uuencode $file $file | /usr/bin/mailx -s "$file" ${USER}
shut of the screen.
xset dpms force standby
Find files that have been modified on your system in the past 60
sudo find / -mmin 60 -type f
Intercept, monitor and manipulate a TCP connection.
mkfifo /tmp/fifo; cat /tmp/fifo | nc -l -p 1234 | tee -a to.log | nc machine port | tee -a from.log > /tmp/fifo
Use tee + process substitution to split STDOUT to multiple
some_command | tee >(command1) >(command2) >(command3) ... | command4
Copy your ssh public key to a server from a machine that doesn't
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@machine "mkdir ~/.ssh; cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
Execute a command with a timeout
timeout 10 sleep 11
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory
grep -RnisI *
redirect stdout and stderr each to separate files and print both
(some_command 2>&1 1>&3 | tee /path/to/errorlog ) 3>&1 1>&2 | tee /path/to/stdoutlog
Find files that were modified by a given command
touch /tmp/file ; $EXECUTECOMMAND ; find /path -newer /tmp/file
Have an ssh session open forever
autossh -M50000 -t server.example.com 'screen -raAd mysession'
throttle bandwidth with cstream
tar -cj /backup | cstream -t 777k | ssh host 'tar -xj -C /backup'
replace spaces in filenames with underscores
rename 'y/ /_/' *
Save an HTML page, and covert it to a .pdf file
wget $URL | htmldoc --webpage -f "$URL".pdf - ; xpdf "$URL".pdf &
Compare two directory trees.
diff <(cd dir1 && find | sort) <(cd dir2 && find | sort)
Resume scp of a big file
rsync --partial --progress --rsh=ssh $file_source $user@$host:$destination_file
Install a Firefox add-on/theme to all users
sudo firefox -install-global-extension /path/to/add-on
iso-8859-1 to utf-8 safe recursive rename
detox -r -s utf_8 /path/to/old/win/files/dir
recursive search and replace old with new string, inside files
$ grep -rl oldstring . |xargs sed -i -e 's/oldstring/newstring/'
Terminate a frozen SSH-session
RETURN~.
Get Cisco network information
tcpdump -nn -v -i eth0 -s 1500 -c 1 'ether[20:2] == 0x2000'
Copy stdin to your X11 buffer
ssh user@host cat /path/to/some/file | xclip
Check if running in an X session
if [ ! -z "${DISPLAY}" ]; then someXcmd ; fi
delete unversioned files in a checkout from svn
svn st | grep "^\?" | awk "{print \$2}" | xargs rm -rf
Rsync between two servers
rsync -zav --progress original_files_directory/ root@host(IP):/path/to/destination/
replace XX by YY in the the current directory and cd to it. ( in
cd XX YY
Show a line when a "column" matchs
awk '{ FS = OFS = "#" } { if ($9==1234) print }' filename*.log > bigfile.log
Split and join with split and cat.
split -b 1k file ; cat x* > file
run command on a group of nodes in parallel
echo -n m{1..5}.cluster.net | xargs -d' ' -n1 -P5 -I{} ssh {} 'uptime'
Sort IP addresses
sort -n -t . -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 /file/of/ip/addresses
Check executable shared library usage
ldd
fix broken permissions
find /path -type d -perm 777 -exec chmod 755 {} \;
Use color grep by default
alias grep 'gnu grep -i --color=auto'
finding cr-lf files aka dos files with ^M characters
find $(pwd) -type f -exec grep -l "$(echo "\r")" {} \;
Make a thumbnail image of first page of a PDF.
convert -resize 200 -sharpen 40 some_file.pdf[0] some_file.jpg
Import/clone a Subversion repo to a git repo
git svn --authors-file=some-authors-file clone svn://address/of/svn/repo new-git-dir
Gives you what's between first string and second string included.
sed "s/^ABC/+ABC/"
Get My Public IP Address
curl -s http://myip.dk/ | egrep -m1 -o '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'
Getting GnuPG Public Keys From KeyServer
gpg --keyserver pgp.surfnet.nl --recv-key 19886493
Binary search/replace
xxd < orig | sed 's/A/B/' | sed 's/HEXA/HEXB/' | xxd -r > new
"I Feel Lucky" for Google Images
echo -n "search> ";read QUERY && wget -O - `wget -O - -U "Mozilla/5.0" "http://images.google.com/images?q=${QUERY}" 2>/dev/null |sed -e 's/","http/\n","http/g' |awk -F \" '{print $3}' |grep -i http: |head -1` > "$QUERY"
modify a file in place with perl
perl -pi -e 's/THIS/THAT/g' fileglob*
Create a DOS floppy image
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=1440 > floppy.img && mkdosfs floppy.img
Test for Weak SSL Ciphers
openssl s_client -connect [host]:[sslport] -cipher LOW
Translate your terminal into Swedish Chef
perl -e '$b="bork"; while(){$l=`$_ 2>&1`; $l=~s/[A-Za-z]+/$b/g;
Change every instance of OLD to NEW in file FILE
sed -i 's/OLD/NEW/g' FILE
Getting started with tcpdump
tcpdump -nli eth0; tcpdump -nli eth0 src or dst w.x.y.z; tcpdump -nli eth0 port 80; tcpdump -nli eth0 proto udp
Dump root ext3 fs over ssh
dump 0f - / | bzip -c9 | ssh user@host "cat > /home/user/root.dump.bz2"
Resets a terminal that has been messed up by binary input
reset
Display total Kb/Mb/Gb of a folder and each file
du -hc *
easily convert one unit to another
units "2048 bytes" "kibibytes"
show the date every rpm was installed
rpm -qa --last
To find the count of each open file on a system (that supports
sudo lsof | awk '{printf("%s %s %s\n", $1, $3, $NF)}' | grep -v "(" | sort -k 4 | gawk '$NF==prv{ct++;next} {printf("%d %s\n",ct,$0);ct=1;prv=$NF}' | uniq | sort -nr
rgrep: recursive grep without .svn
alias rgrep="find . \( ! -name .svn -o -prune \) -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep"
get a directory from one machine to another using tar and ssh
ssh somemachine "cd some dir; tar zcpf - somedirname" |tar zxpf -
A nice command for summarising repeated information
alias counts=sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
Command to keep an SSH connection open
watch -n 30 uptime
Run a command on a remote machine
ssh user@host "ps aux | grep httpd | wc -l"
Display a list of all PHP classes that are called statically
find . -name "*\.php" | xargs grep -o --color "\w\+::\w\+" | cut -d":" -f2 | sort | uniq -c
Show recent earthquakes in Bay Area
lynx --width=200 --dump 'http://quake.usgs.gov/recenteqs/Maps/San_Francisco_eqs.htm'|sed -ne '/MAG.*/,/^References/{;s/\[[0-9][0-9]*\]//;1,/h:m:s/d;/Back to map/,$d;/^$/d;/^[ \t][ \t]*[3-9]\.[0-9][0-9]*[ \t][ \t]*/p; }'|sort -k1nr
Every Nth line position # (AWK)
awk 'NR%3==1' file
Find all files <10MB and sum up their size
i=0; for f in $(find ./ -size -10M -exec stat -c %s {} \; ); do i=$(($i + $f)); done; echo $i
Every Nth line position # (SED)
sed -n '1,${p;n;n;}' foo > foo_every3_position1; sed -n '2,${p;n;n;}' foo > foo_every3_position2; sed -n '3,${p;n;n;}' foo > foo_every3_position3
Rename .JPG to .jpg recursively
find /path/to/images -name '*.JPG' -exec bash -c 'mv "$1" "${1/%.JPG/.jpg}"' -- {} \;
Prints line numbers
grep -n "^"
Print a row of 50 hyphens
python -c 'print "-" * 50'
Resize a Terminal Window
printf "\e[8;70;180;t"
Pretty man pages under X
function manpdf() {man -t $1 | ps2pdf - - | epdfview -}
Pretty man pages under X
vman(){ T=/tmp/$$.pdf;man -t $1 |ps2pdf - >$T; xpdf $T; rm -f $T; }
Print a row of 50 hyphens
perl -le'print"-"x50'
Do a search-and-replace in a file after making a backup
sed -i.bak 's/old/new/g' file
view certificate details
openssl x509 -in filename.crt -noout -text
analyze traffic remotely over ssh w/ wireshark
mkfifo /tmp/fifo; ssh-keygen; ssh-copyid root@remotehostaddress; sudo ssh root@remotehost "tshark -i eth1 -f 'not tcp port 22' -w -" > /tmp/fifo &; sudo wireshark -k -i /tmp/fifo;
Solaris get PID socket
pfiles -F /proc/* 2>/dev/null | awk '/^[0-9]+/{proc=$1};/[s]ockname: AF_INET/{print proc $0}'
Batch convert PNG to JPEG
for i in *.png; do convert "$i" "${i%.png}.jpg" && rm "$i" && echo "$i is converted."; done
pipe output to notify-send
echo 'Desktop SPAM!!!' | while read SPAM_OUT; do notify-send "$SPAM_OUT"; done
Display _something_ when an X app fails
xlaunch(){ T=/tmp/$$;sh -c "$@" >$T.1 2>$T.2;S=$?;[ $S -ne 0 ]&&{ echo -e "'$@' failed with error $S\nSTDERR:\n$(cat $T.2)\nSTDOUT:\n$(cat $T.1)\n"|xmessage -file -;};rm -f $T.1 $T.2;}
mount an iso
mount -o loop -t iso9660 my.iso /mnt/something
monitor network traffic and throughput in real time
iptraf
find out how much space are occuipied by files smaller than 1024K
find dir -size -1024k -type f -print0 | du --files0-from - -bc
reload config
source .bashrc
Create aliases for common vim minibuffer/cmd typos
command! -nargs=1 Vs vs
find out how much space is occupied by files smaller than 1024K
find dir -size -1024k -type f | xargs -d $'\n' -n1 ls -l | cut -d ' ' -f 5 | sed -e '2,$s/$/+/' -e '$ap' | dc
List folders containing only PNGs
find . -name '*png' -printf '%h\0' | xargs -0 ls -l --hide=*.png | grep -ZB1 ' 0$'
Find the location of the currently loadedphp.ini
php -i | grep php.ini
Test file system type before further commands execution
DIR=. ; FSTYPE=$(df -TP ${DIR} | grep -v Type | awk '{ print $2 }') ; echo "${FSTYPE}"
See entire packet payload using tcpdump.
tcpdump -nnvvXSs 1514 -i
Sniffing network to generate a pcap file in CLI mode on a remote
tcpdump -v -i -s 0 -w /tmp/sniff.pcap port # On the
Read just the IP address of a device
/sbin/ip -f inet addr | sed -rn 's/.*inet ([^ ]+).*(eth[[:digit:]]*(:[[:digit:]]+)?)/\2 \1/p' | column -t
Random colours at random locations
p(){ printf "\033[%d;%dH\033[4%dm \033[m" $((RANDOM%LINES+1)) $((RANDOM%COLUMNS+1)) $((RANDOM%8)); }; clear;while :;do p; sleep .001;done
output stats from a running dd command to see its progress
watch -n60 --kill -USR1 $(pgrep dd)
Freshening up RKhunter
rkhunter --versioncheck --update --propupd --check
Expedient hard disk temprature and load cycle stats
watch -d 'sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Load_Cycle_Count ; sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Temp'
Show permissions of current directory and all directories upwards
dir=$(pwd); while [ ! -z "$dir" ]; do ls -ld "$dir"; dir=${dir%/*}; done; ls -ld /
Display IP adress of the given interface in a most portable and
x=IO::Interface::Simple; perl -e 'use '$x';' &>/dev/null || cpan -i "$x"; perl -e 'use '$x'; my $ip='$x'->new($ARGV[0]); print $ip->address,$/;'
Collect a lot of icons from /usr/share/icons (may overwrite some,
mkdir myicons; find /usr/share/icons/ -type f -exec cp {} ./myicons/ \;
list all opened ports on host
time { i=0; while [ $(( i < 65535 )) -eq 1 ] ; do nc -zw2 localhost $((++i)) && echo port $i opened ; done; }
Get your public ip
curl -s http://sputnick-area.net/ip
random xkcd comic as xml
curl -sL 'dynamic.xkcd.com/comic/random/' | awk -F\" '/^![]()
\n\n- \n %s\n %s\n %s\n
\n\n", $6, $4, $2)}'
View a random xkcd comic
wget -q http://dynamic.xkcd.com/comic/random/ -O-| sed -n '/)
Provide information on IPC (Inter-process communication)
ipcs
recursive search and replace old with new string, inside files
$rpl -R oldstring newstring folder
recursive search and replace old with new string, inside files
find . -type f -exec sed -i s/oldstring/newstring/g {} +
Find and copy scattered mp3 files into one directory
find . -type f -iname '*.mp3' -exec cp {} ~/mp3/ \;
Check your hard drive for bad blocks (destructive)
badblocks -c 65536 -o /tmp/badblocks.out -p 2 -s -v -w /dev/hdX > /tmp/badblocks.stdout 2> /tmp/badblocks.stderr
Find and copy scattered mp3 files into one directory
find . -name '*.mp3' -type f -exec sh -c 'exec cp -f "$@" /home/user/dir' find-copy {} +
Quickly batch resize images
mogrify -geometry 800x600 *.jpg
Update twitter via curl (and also set the "from" bit)
curl -u twitter-username -d status="Hello World, Twitter!" -d source="cURL" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml
Monitoring sessions that arrive at your server
watch -n 1 -d "finger"
Ruby - nslookup against a list of IP`s or FQDN`s
while read n; do host $n; done < list
Fill up disk space (for testing)
tail $0 >> $0
Show local/public IP adresses with or without interface argument
MyIps(){ echo -e "local:\n$(ifconfig $1 | grep -oP 'inet (add?r:)?\K(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}')\n\npublic:\n$(curl -s sputnick-area.net/ip)"; }
Audible warning when a downloading is finished
while [ "$(ls $filePart)" != "" ]; do sleep 5; done; mpg123 /home/.../warning.mp3
mount a cdrom
mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
Return IP Address
perl -e '$_=`ifconfig eth0`;/\d+.\d+.\d+.\d+ /; print $&,"\n";'
Return IP Address
ifconfig|while read i;do [[ $i =~ inet.*B ]]&&r=${i%%B*}&&echo ${r/*[tr]:/};done
Capture data in ASCII. 1500 bytes
tcpdump -ieth0 -n tcp port 80 -A -s1500
Find file containing namespace in a directory of jar files.
for f in *.jar; do if jar -tf $f | grep -q javax.servlet; then echo $f; fi; done
View the newest xkcd comic.
curl -s 'xkcd.com' | awk -F\" '/^![]()
\n\n- \n %s\n %s\n %s\n
\n\n", $6, $4, $2)}'
find all writable (by user) files in a directory tree (use 4 for
find . -type f -perm +200 -print
show how many regex you use in your vim today
cat ~/.viminfo | sed -n '/^:[0-9]\+,\([0-9]\+\|\$\)s/p'
find read write traffic on disk since startup
iostat -m -d /dev/sda1
urldecoding
perl -pe 's/%([0-9a-f]{2})/sprintf("%s", pack("H2",$1))/eig'
Pull up remote desktop for other than gnome/kde eg fluxbox
rdp() { ssh $1 sh -c 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin; x11vnc -q -rfbauth ~/.vnc/passwd -display :0' & sleep 4; vncviewer $1:0 & }
Get your bash scripts to handle options (-h, --help etc) and spit
process-getopt
urldecoding
printf $(echo -n $1 | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\(%\)\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\)/\\x\2/g')
In (any) vi, add a keystroke to format the current paragraph.
map ^A !}fmt
Convert decimal numbers to binary
function decToBin { echo "ibase=10; obase=2; $1" | bc; }
Find all dotfiles and dirs
find -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -name .\*
watch the previous command
watch -n1 -d !!
List all symbolic links in current directory
ls -lah | grep ^l
Find all dot files and directories
ls -d .*
Debian Runlevel configuration tool
rcconf
Checks apache's access_log file, strips the search queries and
awk '/q=/{print $11}' /var/log/httpd/access_log.4 | awk -F 'q=' '{print $2}' | sed 's/+/ /g;s/%22/"/g;s/q=//' | cut -d "&" -f 1
Show sorted list of files with sizes more than 1MB in the current
ls -l | awk '$5 > 1000000' | sort -k5n
rotate the compiz cube via command line
wmctrl -o 1280,0
Watch a TiVo File On Your Computer
curl -s -c /tmp/cookie -k -u tivo:$MAK --digest http://$tivo/download/$filename | tivodecode -m $MAK -- - | mplayer - -cache-min 50 -cache 65536
check the status of 'dd' in progress
while killall -USR1 dd; do sleep 5; done
Both view and pipe the file without saving to disk
cat /path/to/some/file.txt | tee /dev/pts/0 | wc -l
Get ethX mac addresses
ip link | grep 'link/ether' | awk '{print $2}'
Grab an interface's IP from ifconfig without screen clutter
ifconfig eth1 | grep inet\ addr | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d: -f2 | sed s/^/eth1:\ /g
Display top 5 processes consuming CPU
ps -eo pcpu,user,pid,cmd | sort -r | head -5
List the files any process is using
lsof +p xxxx
Kill any lingering ssh processes
for i in `ps aux | grep ssh | grep -v grep | awk {'print $2'}` ; do kill $i; done
get a process list by listen port
netstat -ntlp | grep 80 | awk '{print $7}' | cut -d/ -f1
Show current working directory of a process
pwdx pid
Open-iscsi target discovery
iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.20.51
Creates Solaris alternate boot environment on another zpool.
lucreate -n be1 [-c be0] -p zpool1
one-liner mpc track changer using dmenu
mpc play $(sed -n "s@^[ >]\([0-9]\+\)) $(mpc playlist|cut -d' ' -f3-|dmenu -i -p 'song name'||echo void)@\1@p" < <(mpc playlist))
A function to find the newest file of a set.
newest () { candidate=''; for i in "$@"; do [[ -f $i ]] || continue; [[
Erase empty files
find . -type f -size 0 -delete
Monitor a file's size
watch -n 60 du /var/log/messages
Remove CR LF from a text file
tr -d '\r\n' < input_file.txt > output_file.txt
Check a server is up. If it isn't mail me.
curl -fs brandx.jp.sme 2&>1 > /dev/null || echo brandx.jp.sme ping failed | mail -ne -s'Server unavailable' joker@jp.co.uk
On Screen micro display for battery and CPU temperature.
acpi -t | osd_cat -p bottom
set wallpaper on windowmaker in one line
wmsetbg -s -u path_to_wallpaper
List your largest installed packages (on Debian/Ubuntu)
sed -ne '/^Package: \(.*\)/{s//\1/;h;};/^Installed-Size: \(.*\)/{s//\1/;G;s/\n/ /;p;}' /var/lib/dpkg/status | sort -rn
Get decimal ascii code from character
echo -n a | od -d | sed -n "s/^.* //gp"
get the ascii number with bash builtin printf
printf "%d\n" "'A" "'B"
Function to output an ASCII character given its decimal
chr () { echo -en "\0$(printf %x $1)"}
Function to output an ASCII character given its decimal
chr() { printf \\$(printf %o $1); }
Less a grep result, going directly to the first match in the
argv=("$@"); rest=${argv[@]:1}; less -JMN +"/$1" `grep -l $1 $rest`
Execute a command before display the bash prompt
PROMPT_COMMAND=command
gzip all files in a directory separately
gzip *
gzip all files in a directory separately
ls | xargs -n1 gzip
MoscowML with editable input-line and history
rlwrap mosml
retrieve the source address used to contact a given host
python -c 'import socket; s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM); s.connect(("", )); print s.getsockname()[0] ; s.close() ;' 2> /dev/null
Get absolut path to your bash-script
PATH=$(cd ${0%/*}; pwd)
Get full URL via http://untr.im/api/ajax/api
URL=[target.URL]; curl -q -d "url=$URL" http://untr.im/api/ajax/api | awk -F 'href="' '{print $3}' | awk -F '" rel="' '{print $1}'
remove the last of all html files in a directory
for f in *.html; do sed '$d' -i "$f"; done
Makefile argument passing
make [target] VAR=foobar
convert filenames in current directory to lowercase
find my_root_dir -depth -exec rename 's/(.*)\/([^\/]*)/$1\/\L$2/' {} \;
Print a list of the 30 last modified mp3s sorted by last first
find ~/Music -daystart -mtime -60 -name *mp3 -printf "%T@\t%p\n" | sort -f -r | head -n 30 | cut -f 2
Print text string vertically, one character per line.
echo "vertical text" | fold -1
Generate SHA1 hash for each file in a list
find . -type f -exec sha1sum {} >> SHA1SUMS \;
Benchmark report generator
hardinfo -am benchmark.so -f html > report.html
Changing the terminal title to the last shell command
if [ "$SHELL" = '/bin/zsh' ]; then case $TERM in rxvt|*term|linux) preexec () { print -Pn "\e]0;$1\a" };; esac; fi
Force an fsck on reboot
shutdown -rF now
Grep auth log and print ip of attackers
egrep 'Failed password for invalid' /var/log/secure | awk '{print $13}' | uniq
Generate SHA1 hash for each file in a list
ls [FILENAME] | xargs openssl sha1
Notify Gnome user of files modified today
OLDIFS=$IFS; IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b"); for f in `find -daystart -mtime 0 -type f -printf "%f\n"`; do notify-send -t 0 "$f downloaded" ; done; IFS=$OLDIFS
Download a TiVo Show
curl -s -c /tmp/cookie -k -u tivo:$MAK --digest "$(curl -s -c
Create a single-use TCP proxy with copy to stdout
gate() { mkfifo /tmp/sock1 /tmp/sock2 &> /dev/null && nc -p $1 -l < /tmp/sock1 | tee /tmp/sock2 & PID=$! && nc $2 $3 < /tmp/sock2 | tee /tmp/sock1; kill -KILL $PID; rm -f /tmp/sock1 /tmp/sock2 ; }
Print all members of US House of Representatives
curl "http://www.house.gov/house/MemberWWW.shtml" 2>/dev/null | sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/
Remove blank lines from a file using grep and save output to new
grep -v "^$" filename > newfilename
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory
grep -r * .[!.]*
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory
ack
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i
calulate established tcp connection of local machine
netstat -an | grep -Ec '^tcp.+ESTABLISHED$'
Adding Color Escape Codes to global CC array for use by echo -e
declare -ax CC; for i in `seq 0 7`;do ii=$(($i+7)); CC[$i]="\033[1;3${i}m"; CC[$ii]="\033[0;3${i}m"; done
shorten url using curl, sed and is.gd
curl -s -d URL="$1" http://is.gd/create.php | sed '/Your new shortened/!d;s/.*value="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/'
Delete all but the latest 5 files, ignoring directories
ls -lt|grep ^-|awk 'NR>5 { print $8 }'|xargs -r rm
Delete all but the latest 5 files
ls -t | tail +6 | xargs rm
convert a,b,c to ('a','b','c') for use in SQL in-clauses
echo a,b,c | sed -e s/,/\',\'/g -e s/^/\(\'/ -e s/$/\'\)/
Remove all files but one starting with a letter(s)
rm -rf [a-bd-zA-Z0-9]* c[b-zA-Z0-9]*
Setting reserved blocks percentage to 1%
sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda4
find only current directory (universal)
find . \( ! -name . -prune \) \( -type f -o -type l \)
Ultimate current directory usage command
find . -maxdepth 1 ! -name '.' -execdir du -0 -s {} + | sort -znr | gawk 'BEGIN{ORS=RS="\0";} {sub($1 "\t", ""); print $0;}' | xargs -0 du -hs
Output files without comments or empty lines
function catv { egrep -v "^$|^#" ${*} ; }
List hostnames of all IPs
for IP in $(/sbin/ifconfig | fgrep addr: | sed 's/.*addr:\([[0-9.]*\) .*/\1/') ; do host $IP | awk '{print $5}'; done
A DESTRUCTIVE command to render a drive unbootable
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
Ripping VCD in Linux
cdrdao read-cd --device ATA:1,1,0 --driver generic-mmc-raw --read-raw image.toc
create date-stamped tar archive of files in a directory tree (with subfolders)
tar czf /path/archive_of_foo.`date -I`.tgz /path/foo
Creae a tar file for backup info
tar --create --file /path/$HOSTNAME-my_name_file-$(date -I).tar.gz --atime-preserve -p -P --same-owner -z /path/
Force logout after 24 hours idle
fuser -k `who -u | awk '$6 == "old" { print "/dev/"$2'}`
List out classes in of all htmls in directory
find . -name '*.html' -exec 'sed' 's/.*class="\([^"]*\?\)".*/\1/ip;d' '{}' ';' |sort -su
Ultimate current directory usage command
find . -maxdepth 1 -type d|xargs du -a --max-depth=0|sort -rn|cut -d/ -f2|sed '1d'|while read i;do echo "$(du -h --max-depth=0 "$i")/";done;find . -maxdepth 1 -type f|xargs du -a|sort -rn|cut -d/ -f2|sed '$d'|while read i;do du -h "$i";done
bash function to check for something every 5 seconds
function checkfor () { while :; do $*; sleep 5; done; }
Copy a file structure without files
find * -type d -exec mkdir /where/you/wantem/\{\} \;
Efficiently print a line deep in a huge log file
sed '1000000!d;q' < massive-log-file.log
Harder, Faster, Stronger SSH clients
ssh -4 -C -c blowfish-cbc
Duplicate several drives concurrently
dd if=/dev/sda | tee >(dd of=/dev/sdb) | dd of=/dev/sdc
backup all your commandlinefu.com favourites to a plaintext file
clfavs(){ URL="http://www.commandlinefu.com";wget -O - --save-cookies c --post-data "username=$1&password=$2&submit=Let+me+in" $URL/users/signin;for i in `seq 0 25 $3`;do wget -O - --load-cookies c $URL/commands/favourites/plaintext/$i >>$4;done;rm -f c;}
Cleanup firefox's database.
find ~/.mozilla/firefox/ -type f -name "*.sqlite" -exec sqlite3 {} VACUUM \;
Terminal - Show directories in the PATH, one per line with sed and
tr : '\n' <<<$PATH
get all pdf and zips from a website using wget
wget --reject html,htm --accept pdf,zip -rl1 url
Release memory used by the Linux kernel on caches
free && sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && free
find and delete empty dirs, start in current working dir
find . -empty -type d -exec rmdir {} +
Triple monitoring in screen
tmpfile=$(mktemp) && echo -e 'startup_message off\nscreen -t top htop\nsplit\nfocus\nscreen -t nethogs nethogs wlan0\nsplit\nfocus\nscreen -t iotop iotop' > $tmpfile && sudo screen -c $tmpfile
Show me a histogram of the busiest minutes in a log file:
cat /var/log/secure.log | awk '{print substr($0,0,12)}' | uniq -c | sort -nr | awk '{printf("\n%s ",$0) ; for (i = 0; i<$1 ; i++) {printf("*")};}'
Print a great grey scale demo !
yes "$(seq 232 255;seq 254 -1 233)" | while read i; do printf "\x1b[48;5;${i}m\n"; sleep .01; done
DELETE all those duplicate files but one based on md5 hash
find . -type f -print0|xargs -0 md5sum|sort|perl -ne 'chomp;$ph=$h;($h,$f)=split(/\s+/,$_,2);print "$f"."\x00" if ($h eq $ph)'|xargs -0 rm -v --
restoring some data from a corrupted text file
( cat badfile.log ; tac badfile.log | tac ) > goodfile.log
How to run X without any graphics hardware
startx -- `which Xvfb` :1 -screen 0 800x600x24 && DISPLAY=:1 x11vnc
Run a bash script in debug mode, show output and save it on a file
bash -x test.sh 2>&1 | tee out.test
Add user to group on OS X 10.5
sudo dscl localhost -append /Local/Default/Groups/admin GroupMembership username
to see about php configure
$php_dir/bin/php -i | grep configure
Terminal - Show directories in the PATH, one per line with sed and
sed 's/:/\n/g' <<<$PATH
Verbosely delete files matching specific name pattern, older than
rm -vf /backup/directory/**/FILENAME_*(m+15)
Copy via tar pipe while preserving file permissions (run this
tar -C /oldirectory -cvpf - . | tar -C /newdirector -xvf -
watch iptables counters
watch --interval 0 'iptables -nvL | grep -v "0 0"'
Remove empty directories
rmdir **/*(/^F)
Ping sweep without NMAP
for i in `seq 1 255`; do ping -c 1 10.10.10.$i | tr \\n ' ' | awk '/1 received/ {print $2}'; done
follow the content of all files in a directory
find dir/ -type f | xargs tail -fqn0
View Processeses like a fu, fu
pstree -p
Not a kismet replacement...
watch -n .5 "iwlist wlan0 scan"
clear the cache from memory
sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Show changed files, ignoring permission, date and whitespace
git diff --numstat -w --no-abbrev | perl -a -ne '$F[0] != 0 && $F[1] !=0 && print $F[2] . "\n";'
Scrape commands from commandline fu's 1st page
curl -s http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse|egrep '("Fin.*and"|.*
)'|sed 's/<[^<]*>//g'|ruby -rubygems -pe 'require "cgi"; $_=sprintf("\n\n%-100s\n\t#%-20s",CGI.unescapeHTML($_).chomp.strip, gets.lstrip) if $.%2'
The command used by applications in OS X to determine whether a
plutil -lint plist-file
Resolve a list of domain names to IP addresses
awk < file.name '{ system("resolveip -s " $1) }'
Unarchive entire folder
for f in *;do case "$(echo $f|sed "s/.*\.\([a-z\.]*\)/\1/g")" in zip)unzip -qqo $f&&rm $f;;tar.gz|tar.bz2)tar xf $f&&rm $f;;rar)unrar e -o+ -r -y $f&&rm $f;;7z)7z e -qqo $f;;esac;done
Find out when your billion-second anniversary is (was).
date -j -v +1000000000S -f %m%d%Y mmddYYYY
Find out when your billion-second anniversary is (was). (on OS X)
date -j -v +1000000000S -f %m%d%Y mmddyyyy
Find out when your billion-second anniversary is (was).
date -d12/31/1970+1000000000sec
Shrink more than one blank lines to one in VIM.
:%v/./,/./-j
Have netcat listening on your ports and use telnet to test
SERVER: nc -l p 666 CLIENT: telnet -l -p 666
return external ip
host -t a dartsclink.com | sed 's/.*has address //'
Searches $PATH for files using grep
IFS=:; find $PATH | grep pattern
Find
xwininfo
open in textmate sidebar files (recursively) with names matching
mate - `find * -type f -regex 'REGEX_A' | grep -v -E 'REGEX_B'`
View a colorful logfile using less
< /var/log/syslog ccze -A | less -R
Generate random IP addresses
nmap -n -iR 0 -sL | cut -d" " -f 2
Get the size of all the directories in current directory
du -hd 1
Convert every eps in a directory to pdf
for f in *.eps;do ps2pdf -dEPSCrop $f `basename $f .eps`.pdf; done
Remove newlines from output
awk /./ filename
Remove newlines from output
cat filename | grep .
A fun thing to do with ram is actually open it up and take a peek.
strings /dev/mem|less
complete extraction of a debian-package
dpkg-deb -x $debfile $extractdir; dpkg-deb -e $debfile $extractdir/DEBIAN;
Get the size of all the directories in current directory
sudo du -sh $(ls -d */) 2> /dev/null
Get the ip registered to a domain on OpenWRT
nslookup commandlinefu.com|sed 's/[^0-9. ]//g'|tail -n 1|awk -F " " '{print $2}'
Test http request every second, fancy display.
watch -n 1 nc localhost 80 '<
Display the definition of a shell function
typeset -f
tar copy
tar cf - dir_to_cp/ | (cd path_to_put/ && tar xvf -)
Nicely display permissions in octal format with filename
stat -f '%Sp %p %N' * | rev | sed -E 's/^([^[:space:]]+)[[:space:]]([[:digit:]]{4})[^[:space:]]*[[:space:]]( [^[:space:]]+)/\1 \2 \3/' | rev
Shows how many percents of all avaliable packages are installed in
echo $((`eix --only-names -I | wc -l` * 100 / `eix --only-names | wc -l`))%
Installing debian on fedora (chrooted)
debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /opt/debian ftp://debian.das.ufsc.br/pub/debian/
Updating to Fedora 11
yum clean all ; rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/11/Fedora/i 386/os/Packages/fedora-release-11-1.noarch.rpm ; yum -y upgrade ; reboot
Which files/dirs waste my disk space
du -aB1m|awk '$1 >= 100'
Query ip pools based on successive netnames via whois
net=DTAG-DIAL ; for (( i=1; i<30; i++ )); do whois -h whois.ripe.net $net$i | grep '^inetnum:' | sed "s;^.*:;$net$i;" ; done
Get Futurama quotations from slashdot.org servers
curl -sI http://slashdot.org/ | sed -nr 's/X-(Bender|Fry)(.*)/\1\2/p'
Get all IPs via ifconfig
ifconfig | awk '/ddr:[0-9]/ {sub(/addr:/, ""); print $2}'
Make a statistic about the lines of code
find . -type f -name "*.c" -exec cat {} \; | wc -l
txt2html
recode ..HTML < file.txt > file.html
List all installed Debian packages
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall | cut -f 1
Tail the most recently modified file
ls -t1 | head -n1 | xargs tail -f
Join a folder full of split files
for file in *.001; do NAME=`echo $file | cut -d. -f1,2`; cat "$NAME."[0-9][0-9][0-9] > "$NAME"; done
Combine two mp3's or more into 1 long mp3
cat 1.mp3 2.mp3 > combined.mp3
Get the SUM of visual blocked digits in vim
vmap y:$omap:'a,$!awk '{sum+=$0}END{print "SUM:" sum}'dd'>p
Recursive replace of directory and file names in the current
for i in `find -name '*oldname*'`; do "mv $i ${i/oldname/newname/}"; done
Recursive replace of directory and file names in the current
find . *oldname* | grep oldname | perl -p -e 's/^(.*)(oldname)(.*$)/mv $1$2$3 $1newname$3/' | sh
Get all IPs via ifconfig
ifconfig | awk -F':| +' '/ddr:/{print $4}'
Output a SSL certificate start or end date
date --date="$(openssl x509 -in xxxxxx.crt -noout -startdate | cut -d= -f 2)" --iso-8601
Efficient count files in directory (no recursion)
perl -e 'if(opendir D,"."){@a=readdir D;print $#a-1,"\n"}'
get events from google calendar for a given dates range
wget -q -O - 'URL/full?orderby=starttime&singleevents=true&start-min=2009-06-01&star t-max=2009-07-31' | perl -lane '@m=$_=~m/(.+?)</g;@a=$_=~m/startTime=.(2009.+?)T/g;shift @m;for ($i=0;$i<@m;$i++){ print $m[$i].",".$a[$i];}';</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get delicious bookmarks on your shell (text version :-))</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u 'username' https://api.del.icio.us/v1/posts/all | sed 's/^.*href=//g;s/>.*$//g;s/"//g' | awk '{print $1}' | grep 'http'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search string in _all_ revisions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `git log --all --oneline --format=%h`; do git grep SOME_STRING $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read just the IP address of a device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /sbin/ifconfig | awk -F'[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add temporary entry to authorized_keys</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Keys=$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys;Back=$Keys.tmp.bak;Time=${1:-15};cp $Keys $Back;cat /dev/stdin >>$Keys;echo mv $Back $Keys|at now+${Time}minutes;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A command's package details</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg -S `which nm` | cut -d':' -f1 | (read PACKAGE; echo "[${PACKAGE}]"; dpkg -s "${PACKAGE}"; dpkg -L "${PACKAGE}") | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Test your total disk IO capacity, regardless of caching, to find</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time (dd if=/dev/zero of=blah.out bs=256M count=1 ; sync )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git remove files which have been deleted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git ls-files -z --deleted | xargs -0 git rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files with lines that do not match a pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fmiss() { grep -RL "$*" * }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy 3 files from 3 different servers and adds server name tag to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `seq 1 3`; do scp finku@server$i:file.txt server$i-file.txt; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>extract all tgz in current dir</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls *tgz | xargs -n1 tar xzf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search commandlinefu from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (curl -d q=grep http://www.commandlinefu.com/search/autocomplete) | egrep 'autocomplete|votes|destination' | perl -pi -e 's/a style="display:none" class="destination" href="//g;s/<[^>]*>//g;s/">$/\n\n/g;s/^ +//g;s/^\//http:\/\/commandlinefu.com\//g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if you need to run LaTeX to update the TOC</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp texfile.toc texfile.toc.bak; latex texfile.tex; cmp -s texfile.toc texfile.toc.bak; if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then latex texfile.tex; fi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>clone a hard drive to a remote directory via ssh tunnel, and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> # dd if=/dev/sda | gzip -c | ssh user@ip 'dd of=/mnt/backups/sda.dd'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Solaris - check ports/sockets which process has opened</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/proc/bin/pfiles $PID | egrep "sockname|port"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Access partitions inside a LVM volume</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kpartx -a /dev/mapper/space-foobar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Log the current memory statistics frequently to syslog</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do { $(which logger) -p local4.notice `free -m | grep Mem`; sleep 60; } done &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Record camera's output to a avi file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mencoder -tv device=/dev/video1 tv:// -ovc copy -o video.avi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all crontabs for users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd | grep -vE "#" | xargs -i{} crontab -u {} -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find Files That Exceed a Specified Size Limit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find directory -size +nnn</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get newest jpg picture in a folder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp `ls -x1tr *.jpg | tail -n 1` newest.jpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use QuickLook from the command line without verbose output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> qlook() { qlmanage -p "$@" >& /dev/null & }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Skip to next selection in playlist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> killall -2 mpg321</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all usernames and passwords for Plesk email addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mysql -uadmin -p` cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` -Dpsa -e"select mail_name,name,password from mail left join domains on mail.dom_id = domains.id inner join accounts where mail.account_id = accounts.id;"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>The Chronic: run a command every N seconds in the background</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chronic () { t=$1; shift; while true; do $@; sleep $t; done & }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>eDirectory LDAP Search for Statistics</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ldapsearch -h ldapserver.willeke.com -p389 -b "" -s base -D cn=admin,ou=administration,dc=willeke,dc=com -w secretpwd "(objectclass=*)" chainings removeEntryOps referralsReturned listOps modifyRDNOps repUpdatesIn repUpdatesOut strongAuthBinds addEntryOps</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pipe the result of a command to IRC (channel or query)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function my_irc { tmp=`mktemp`; cat > $tmp; { echo -e "USER $username x x :$ircname\nNICK $nick\nJOIN $target"; while read line; do echo -e "PRIVMSG $target :$line"; done < $tmp; } | nc $server > /dev/null ; rm $tmp; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Phrack 66 is out, but the .tar.gz is not there yet on</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir phrack66; (cd phrack66; for n in {1..17} ; do echo "http://www.phrack.org/issues.html?issue=66&id=$n&mode=txt" ; done | xargs wget)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively create a TAGS file for an entire source tree. TAGS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ctags -R</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rsync over ssh via non-default ssh port</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rsync -e 'ssh -p PORT' user@host:SRC DEST</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Configuring proxy client on terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export http_proxy=<user>:<pass>@<server>:<port> ftp_proxy=<user>:<pass>@<server>:<port></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check wireless link quality with dialog box</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ i != 0 ]; do sleep 1 | dialog --clear --gauge "Quality: " 0 0 $(cat /proc/net/wireless | grep $WIRELESSINTERFACE | awk '{print $3}' | tr -d "."); done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change ownership en masse of files owned by a specific user,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -uid 0 -print0 | xargs -0 chown foo:foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clear history</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> history -c</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change timestamp on a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch -amct [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] FILE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the last 20 sessions logged on the machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last -n 20</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show LAN IP with ip(8)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip route show dev eth0 | awk '{print $7}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Unlock your KDE4 session remotely (for boxes locked by KDE lock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> killall -s 9 krunner_lock</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using scapy to get the IP of the iface used to contact local gw</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> python -c "import scapy.all; print [x[4] for x in scapy.all.conf.route.routes if x[2] != '0.0.0.0'][0]"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backup with SSH in a archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -i $PRIVATEKEY $HOST -C 'cd $SOURCE; tar -cz --numeric-owner .' | tee $DESTINATION/backup.tgz | tar -tz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Listen to a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do cat /usr/src/linux/kernel/signal.c > /dev/dsp; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Updating the status on identi.ca using curl.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u USER:PASS -d status="NEW STATUS" http://identi.ca/api/statuses/update.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy data using gtar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gtar cpf - . | (cd /dest/directory; gtar xpf -)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>burn initial session on a growable DVD using growisofs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -J -r "directory name to burn on DVD"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dump 1KB of data from ram to file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/mem of=file.dump bs=1024 skip=0 count=1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change framebuffer font</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> setfont cybercafe</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Report information about executable launched on system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aureport -x</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print summary of referers with X amount of occurances</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk -F\" '{print $4}' *.log | grep -v "eviljaymz\|\-" | sort | uniq -c | awk -F\ '{ if($1>500) print $1,$2;}' | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cpu and memory usage top 10 under Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -eo user,pcpu,pmem | tail -n +2 | awk '{num[$1]++; cpu[$1] += $2; mem[$1] += $3} END{printf("NPROC\tUSER\tCPU\tMEM\n"); for (user in cpu) printf("%d\t%s\t%.2f%\t%.2f%\n",num[user], user, cpu[user], mem[user]) }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert from octal format to umask</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perm=( 6 4 4 ) ; for elem in ${perm[@]}; do echo `expr 7 - $elem` ;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mail with attachment</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar cvzf - data1 data2 | uuencode data.tar.gz | mail -s 'data' you@host.fr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find/edit your forgotten buddy pounces for pidgin</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vim ~/.purple/pounces.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display formatted routes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> routel</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>For Gentoo users : helping with USE / emerge</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> emerge -epv world | grep USE | cut -d '"' -f 2 | sed 's/ /\n/g' | sed '/[(,)]/d' | sed s/'*'//g | sort | uniq > use && grep ^- use | sed s/^-// | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' > notuse && sed -i /^-/d use && sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' use</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Burn CD/DVD from an iso, eject disc when finished.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord dev=0,0,0 -v -eject yourimage.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add a line from 1 file after every line of another (shuffle files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '/^/R addfile' targetfile > savefile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the modified time (mtime) for a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -r foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Jump to a song in your XMMS2 playlist, based on song title/artist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function jumpTo { xmms2 jump `xmms2 list | grep -i '$1' | head -n 1 | tail -n 1 | sed -re 's@.+\[(.+)/.+\] (.+)@\1@'`; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use mtr to create a text file report</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mtr --report --report-cycles 10 www.google.com > google_net_report.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the current svn branch/tag (Good for PS1/PROMPT_COMMAND cases)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn info | grep '^URL:' | egrep -o '(tags|branches)/[^/]+|trunk' | egrep -o '[^/]+$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change the default editor for modifying the sudoers list.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo update-alternatives --config editor</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Simple word scramble</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shuf -n1 /usr/share/dict/words | tee >(sed -e 's/./&\n/g' | shuf | tr -d '\n' | line) > /tmp/out</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all mergeinfo for a svn subtree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . \( -type d -name .svn -prune \) -o -print | while read file ; do mergeinfo=`svn propget svn:mergeinfo $file` ; [ "$mergeinfo" != "" ] && echo -e "$file\n $mergeinfo\n" ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SVN Command line branch merge</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/local/bin/svn merge -r {rev_num}:HEAD https://{host}/{project}/branches/{branch_name} .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Propagate X session cookies on a different user and login as that</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> read -p 'Username: ' u;sudo -H -u $u xauth add $(xauth list|grep :$(echo ${DISPLAY: -4:2}));sudo su - $u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display only hosts up in network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -sP your network/submask | awk "/^Host/"'{ print $2 }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive Line Count</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./ -not -type d | xargs wc -l | cut -c 1-8 | awk '{total += $1} END {print total}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sorting file contents into individual files with awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print > $3".txt"}' FILENAME</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy files and directories from a remote machine to the local</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh user@host "(cd /path/to/remote/top/dir ; tar cvf - ./*)" | tar xvf -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Then end of the UNIX epoch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d @$(echo $((2 ** 31 - 1)))</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View an info page on a nice interface</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> yelp info:foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Flush DNS cache in MacOS 10.5</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dscacheutil -flushcache</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list services running (as root)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> service --status-all | grep running</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch your freebox flux, through a other internet connection (for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vlc -vvv http://mafreebox.freebox.fr/freeboxtv/playlist.m3u --sout</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch the National Debt clock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 10 "wget -q http://www.brillig.com/debt_clock -O - | grep debtiv.gif | sed -e 's/.*ALT=\"//' -e 's/\".*//' -e 's/ //g'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use find to get around Argument list too long problem</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name 'junkfiles-*' -print0 | xargs -0 rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Easily run a program in the background without losing output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function fork () { tf=$(tempfile -d /tmp -p $1.);echo -n "$tf "; $@ &>$tf& }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove apps with style: nuke it from orbit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function nuke() { if [ $(whoami) != "root" ] ; then for x in $@; do sudo apt-get autoremove --purge $x; done; else for x in $@; do apt-get autoremove --purge $x; done; fi }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>which procs have $PATH_REGEX open?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /proc -regex '/proc/[0-9]+/smaps' -exec grep -l "$PATH_REGEX" {} \; | cut -d'/' -f2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>add static arp entry to default gateway, arp poison protection</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> arp -s $(route -n | awk '/^0.0.0.0/ {print $2}') \ $(arp -n | grep `route -n | awk '/^0.0.0.0/ {print $2}'`| awk '{print $3}')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>burn a isofile to cd or dvd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom yourimage.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>keep an eye on system load changes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 7 -d 'uptime | sed s/.*users,//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount an smb share on linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -t smbfs //$server/share /local/mount -o rw,username=$USER</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the standard deviation of a column of numbers with awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{sum+=$1; sumsq+=$1*$1} END {print sqrt(sumsq/NR - (sum/NR)**2)}' file.dat</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Averaging columns of numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{sum1+=$1; sum2+=$2} END {print sum1/NR, sum2/NR}' file.dat</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Count number of bytes that are different between 2 binary files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cmp -l file1.bin file2.bin | wc -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stream the latest offering from your fave netcasts/podcasts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vlc --one-instance --playlist-enqueue -q $(while read netcast; do wget -q $netcast -O - |grep enclosure | tr '\r' '\n' | tr \' \" | sed -n 's/.*url="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p'|head -n1; done <netcast.txt)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display email addresses that have been sent to by a postfix</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n -e '/postfix\/smtp\[.*status=sent/s/^.*to=<\([^>]*\).*$/\1/p' /var/log/mail.log | sort -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Compress a file or directory keeping the owner and permissions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -jcvf /folder/file.tar.bz2 --same-owner --same-permissions /folder/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A signal trap that logs when your script was killed and what other</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> trap "echo \"$0 process $$ killed on $(date).\" | tee ${0##*/}_$$_termination.log; echo 'Active processes at the time were logged to ${0##*/}_$$_termination.log'; ps u >> ${0##*/}_$$_termination.log; exit " HUP INT QUIT ABRT TERM STOP</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>listen to ram</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/mem > /dev/audio</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Big (four-byte) $RANDOM</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf %d 0x`dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=4 2>/dev/null | od -x | awk 'NR==1 {print $2$3}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>HDD Performance Write Test</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=10gb bs=1M count=10240</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy a file and force owner/group/mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> install -o user -g group -m 755 /path/to/file /path/to/dir/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete newline</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -d "\n" < file1 > file2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make the Mac OS X Dock 2D once more (10.5 and above only)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.apple.Dock no-glass -boolean YES; killall Dock</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files with the same names in several directories.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -1 . dir2 dir3|sort|uniq -d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>reset an hanging terminal session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ^J tput sgr0 ^J</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a 100MB file for testing transfer speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/random of=bigfile bs=1024 count=102400</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Number of CPU's in a system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send substituted text to a command without echo, pipe</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc localhost 10000 <<< "message"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>phpinfo from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" | php > phpinfo.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>read Windows ACLs from Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> smbcacls //server/sharename file -U username</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Umount only the NFS related to 'string'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `df -P |grep string|cut -f2 -d%|cut -c2-100`; do umount -l -f $i;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files with at least one exec bit set</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -perm +0111 -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your default route</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip route | grep default | awk '{print $3}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all files/folders in working directory with their total size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du --max-depth=1 -m</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show a calendar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal [[month] year]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check for Firewall Blockage.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -L -n --line-numbers | grep xx.xx.xx.xx</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Finds all files from / on down over specified size.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -type f -size +25M -exec ls -lh {} \; | awk '{ print $5 " " $6$7 ": " $9 }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a windows partition in a dual boot linux installation with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -o -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows/c force</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tar pipe to copy files, alternate to cp -Ra</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (cd /orignl/path tar -cf - . ) | (cd /dst/dir;tar -xvf -)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>burn backed up xbox 360 games</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> growisofs -use-the-force-luke=dao -use-the-force-luke=break:1913760 -dvd-compat -speed=2 -Z /dev/cdrom=XBOX360GAMEHERE.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all files containing a pattern, open them using vi and place</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec grep -l pattern {} \; | xargs vi +/pattern</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>converts a directory full of source tarballs into a bzr repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bzr init .;for file in `ls *.bz2`; do bzr import $file; bzr ci -m $file; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Test python regular expressions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rgx_match() { python -c "import re; print re.search('$1','$2').groups()"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Perform a C-style loop in Bash.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for (( i = 0; i < 100; i++ )); do echo "$i"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pipe a textfile to vim and move the cursor to a certain line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zcat /usr/share/doc/vim-common/README.gz | vim -g +23 -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert PNG to GIF</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for file in *.png; do convert "$file" "$(basename $file .png).gif"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Turns hidden applications transparent in the Mac OS X dock.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.apple.Dock showhidden -bool YES</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creat a new user with no shell. Useful to provide other services</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> useradd -s /sbin/nologin nicdev</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search specified $TEXT1 and Replace that by specified arg ($TEXT2)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find "$DIR" -regex "$FILENAME" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i _`date "+%y%m%d%H%M%S"` -E "s/$TEXT1/$TEXT2/g"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>It decripts all pgp files in a selection folder and move the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in *.pgp do `cat /file_with_the_passphrase.dat|(gpg --batch --no-tty --yes --passphrase-fd=0 --decrypt `basename $x`; ) > 'dump_content.dat'` done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show device drivers and their properties (Windows XP)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> driverquery /si /fo table</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>relabel current konsole tab</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias rk='d=$(dcop|grep $PPID) && s=$(dcop $d konsole currentSession) && dcop $d $s renameSession'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mortality Countdown</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ 0 ]; do expr 2365200000 \- `date +%s` \- `date --date "YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:ss" +%s`; sleep 1; clear; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set prompt and terminal title to display hostname, user ID and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export PS1='\[\e]0;\h \u \w\a\]\n\[\e[0;34m\]\u@\h \[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0;32m\]\n\$ '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show one line summaries of all DEB packages installed on Ubuntu</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg --list '*linux*' | grep '^ii'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a git alias that will pull and fast-forward the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git config --global --add alias.ff "pull --no-commit -v" ; git ff</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Getting the ip address of eth0</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet addr/ {split ($2,A,":"); print A[2]}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tunnel vnc port</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -L 5900:localhost:5900 user@exampleserver.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find public IP when behind a random router (also see description)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias pubip='GET http://www.whatismyip.com/automation/n09230945.asp && echo'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove multiple same rpm packages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -e --allmatches filename.rpm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>KDE Mixer Master Mute/Unmute</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias mute="dcop kmix Mixer0 toggleMasterMute\(\) ; dcop kmix Mixer0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Automatically create a rar archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rar a -m0 "${PWD##*/}.rar" *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the linux host infomation.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hostinfo.sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recover cvs ": no such repository" error</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./* -name 'CVS' | awk '{print "dos2unix " $1 "/*"}' | awk '{system($0)}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive Ownership Change</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chown -cR --from=olduser:oldgroup newuser:newgroup *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Name a backup/archive file based on current date and time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> archivefile=filename-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M).tar.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Erase DVD RW</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dvd+rw-format /dev/dvd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Separates each frame of a animated gif file to a counted file,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> convert +adjoin animatedImage.gif test.gif ; convert +append test*.gif</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert hex to decimal ; decimal to hex</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 16i `echo "F" | tr '[a-f]' '[A-F]'` p | dc ; echo 16o "15" p | dc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Better recursive grep with pretty colors... requires ruby and gems</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rak "what you're searching for" dir/path</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change size of lots of image files.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for File in *.jpg; do mogrify -resize 1024 -quality 96 $File; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list file descriptors opened by a process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -al /proc/<PID>/fd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>finding more large files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -xdev -size +1024 -exec ls -al {} \; | sort -r -k 5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cloning partition tables under Solaris</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>E-mail a traditional Berkeley mbox to another recipient as</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> formail -Y -s /usr/sbin/sendmail bar@example.com < /var/mail/foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Prepare B&W scans for clean looking, searchable PDF</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> convert pagexxx.png -filter Cubic -resize 200% -threshold 50% -compress Group4 pagexxx.tiff; tiff2pdf -z -p letter -ro -x 1200 -y 1200 -o pagexxx.pdf pagexxx.tiff</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Periodic Log Deletion</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path/to/dir -type f -mtime +[#] -exec rm -f {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>in-place search/replace with datestamped backup</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -i.`date +%Y%m%d` -e 's/pattern/replace' [filename]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Unrar multiple directories into current working directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in */*.rar; do unrar x $x; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get line count for any file ending with extension recursively</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.py" | xargs wc -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search for in which package the specified file is included.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /bin/rpm -qf /etc/passwd /etc/issue /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List just the executable files (or directories) in current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -dF `find . -maxdepth 1 \( -perm -1 -o \( -perm -10 -o -perm -100 \) \) -print`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>[WinXP]Use as a shortcut in the SendTo menu to open a cmd window</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /t:0A /k cd /d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Function to remove a directory from your PATH</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pathrm() { PATH=`echo $PATH | sed -e "s=^${1}:==;s=:${1}$==;s=:${1}:=:="`; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>move all the .bak backup copies to their original names (rename</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *.bak ; do nuname=`echo $i | sed 's/\.[^\.]*$//'`; echo renaming $i to $nuname;mv $i $nuname; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print all lines in a file that are not a certain length</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'length($0)!=12 {print}' your_file_name</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creates a SSHFS volume on MacOS X (better used as an alias). Needs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir /Volumes/sshdisk 2> /dev/null; sshfs user@server:/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get me yesterday's date, even if today is 1-Mar-2008 and yesterday</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TZ=XYZ24 date</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>look for a function reference in a library set</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nm --defined-only --print-file-name lib*so 2>/dev/null | grep ' pthread_create$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>diff directories, quick cut and paste to view the changes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> diff -q dir1/ dir2/ | grep differ | awk '{ print "vimdiff " $2 " " $4 }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Flush and then immediately start watching a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (> errors.log) && tail -f !^</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Every Nth line position # (AWK)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{if (NR % 3 == 1) print $0}' foo > foo_every3_position1; awk '{if (NR % 3 == 2) print $0}' foo > foo_every3_position2; awk '{if (NR % 3 == 0) print $0}' foo > foo_every3_position3</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fix borked character coding in a tty.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> LC_ALL=C man -c man</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use sed to simulate rpad and lpad</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls / | sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,15\}$/&_/;ta'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a row of 50 hyphens</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo - | sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,50\}$/&-/;ta'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a row of 50 hyphens</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> jot -s '' -b '-' 50</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nl <filename></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Determine what process is listening on a port on Solaris, without</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in `ptree | awk '{print $1}'`; do pfiles $x | grep ${PORT} > /dev/null 2>&1; if [ x"$?" == "x0" ]; then ps -ef | grep $x | grep -v grep; fi; done 2> /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change your swappiness Ratio under linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 50 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>paged 'ls' in color</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lah --color=always | most</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Manage "legacy" service run control links</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo find /etc/rc{1..5}.d -name S99myservice -type l -exec sh -c 'NEWFN=`echo {} | sed 's/S99/K99/'` ; mv -v {} $NEWFN' \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Replace spaces in filename</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *\ *; do if [ -f "$i" ]; then mv "$i" ${i// /_}; fi; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Replace strings in files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -i -e 's/war/peace/g' *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shorten url using bit.ly API</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s --data-urlencode 'longUrl='$1 --data-urlencode 'login='$login --data-urlencode 'apiKey='$apikey 'http://api.bit.ly/shorten?version=2.0.1&format=xml' | xmlstarlet sel -T -t -m "//shortUrl" -v "." | line</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find and print pattern location from all files on command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -exec grep $foo {} \; -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the output of a command from the first line until the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> command | sed '/regex/q'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read just the IP address of a device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig -l | xargs -n1 ipconfig getifaddr 2> /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the list of all opened tabs from Firefox via a python</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> python <<< $'import minjson\nf = open("sessionstore.js", "r")\njdata = minjson.read(f.read())\nf.close()\nfor win in jdata.get("windows"):\n\tfor tab in win.get("tabs"):\n\t\ti = tab.get("index") - 1\n\t\tprint tab.get("entries")[i].get("url")'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pause and Resume Processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> stop () { ps -ec | grep $@ | kill -SIGSTOP `awk '{print $1}'`; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>upload a file via ftp</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u user:passwd -T /home/dir/local_file_to_upload ftp://your_host.com/subdir/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>floating point shell calculator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> calc() { awk 'BEGIN { OFMT="%f"; print '"$*"'; exit}'; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show how much diskspace all images in a given directory need</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /home/bubo/ -type f \( -iname \*.jpg -print0 , -iname \*.png -print0 , -iname \*gif -print0 \) | du -cm --files0-from - | tail -1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>floating point bash calculator w/o precision</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> b(){ echo "scale=${2:-2}; $1" | bc -l; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy partition table from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sed 's/sda/sdb/g' | sfdisk /dev/sdb</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the output of a command from the first line until the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <your command here> | perl -n -e 'print "$_" if 1 ... /<regex>/;'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Randomize lines (opposite of | sort), or use 'shuf' better.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -wl -e '@f=<>; for $i (0 .. $#f) { $r=int rand ($i+1); @f[$i, $r]=@f[$r,$i] if ($i!=$r); } chomp @f; print join $/, @f;' try.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sum process information using awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ylC httpd --sort:rss | awk '{ SUM += $8 } END { print SUM/1024 }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>monitor the kernel ring buffer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch 'dmesg | tail -15'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>parse an rpm name into its components - fast</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> parse_rpm() { RPM=$1;B=${RPM##*/};B=${B%.rpm};A=${B##*.};B=${B%.*};R=${B##*-};B=${B%- *};V=${B##*-};B=${B%-*};N=$B;echo "$N $V $R $A"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display embeded comments for every --opt, usefull for auto</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vim -n -es -c 'g/# CommandParse/+2,/^\s\+esac/-1 d p | % d | put p | %<' -c 'g/^\([-+]\+[^)]\+\))/,/^\(\s\+[^- \t#]\|^$\)/-1 p' -c 'q!' $0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>p is for pager</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> p() { l=$LINES; case $1 in do) shift; IFS=$'\n' _pg=( $("$@") ) && _pgn=0 && p r;; r) echo "${_pg[*]:_pgn:$((l-4))}";; d) (( _pgn+=l-4 )); (( _pgn=_pgn>=${#_pg[@]}?${#_pg[@]}-l+4:_pgn )); p r;; u) (( _pgn=_pgn<=l-4?0:_pgn-$l-4 )); p r;; esac; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sometimes you just want a quick way to find out if a certain user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getent shadow | grep '^[^:]\+:!' | cut -d: -f1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sometimes you just want a quick way to find out if a certain user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getent shadow | while IFS=: read a b c; do grep -q '!' <<< "$b" && echo "$a LOCKED" || echo "$a not locked"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sometimes you just want a quick way to find out if a certain user ??</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk -F":" '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd | while read UU ; do STATUS=$(passwd -S ${UU} | grep locked 2>/dev/null) ; if [[ ! -z ${STATUS} ]] ; then echo "Account ${UU} is locked." ; fi ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>report what tape is in autoloader mailslot (using barcode label)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mtx -f /dev/sg13 status | grep EXPORT | cut -c 56-63</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>count and number lines of output, useful for counting number of</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux | grep [h]ttpd | cat -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create SSH key exchange from one host to the other</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh <remote_host> "xargs --null echo >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check general system error on AIX</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> errpt -a | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a local file via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> { echo -e "$body"; uuencode "$outfile" "$outfile"; } | mail -s "$subject" "$destaddr" ;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display / view the contents of the manifest within a java jar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $ unzip -p some-jar-file.jar META-INF/MANIFEST.MF</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Optimal way of deleting huge numbers of files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path/to/dir/ -type f -exec rm {} +</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract all urls from the last firefox<a href="sessionstore.js"><em><code>sessionstore.js</code></em></a> used.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -oP '"url":"\K[^"]+' $(ls -t ~/.mozilla/firefox/*/sessionstore.js | sed q)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Router discovery</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> traceroute 2>/dev/null -n google.com | awk '/^ *1/{print $2;exit}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pe 'print "$. "' <file></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use curl on Windows to bulk-download the Savitabhabhi Comic Strip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for /L %%x in (1,1,16) do mkdir %%x & curl -R -e http://www.kirtu.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Know when you will type :q in your term instead of vi(m), the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias :q='tput setaf 1; echo >&2 "this is NOT vi(m) :/"; tput sgr0'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Salvage a borked terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo <ctrl+v><ctrl+o><enter></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search trought pidgin's conversation logs for "searchterm", and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -Ri searchterm ~/.purple/logs/* | sed -e 's/<.*?>//g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shorten url with is.gd using curl, perl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s "http://is.gd/api.php?longurl=[long_url]"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get MAC address of default gateway</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -nr | awk 'BEGIN {while ($1!="default") getline; g=$2;} (g==$1) {print $2; exit;}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Finding all numbers that are bigger then 1 in vim</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /^\([2-9]\d*\|1\d+\)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show Network IP and Subnet</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ipcalc $(ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr:" | cut -d':' -f2,4 | sed 's/.+Bcast:/\//g') | awk '/Network/ { print $2 } '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Router discovery</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'NR==2 {print $1}' /proc/net/arp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig -a| awk 'BEGIN{FS="[ :]+"} /Bcast/{print $4}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make ABBA better (requires firefox)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -O - -q http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/abba/takeachanceonme.html | sed -e 's/[cC]hance/dump/g' > ~/tdom.htm && firefox ~/tdom.htm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get daily wizard of id comic</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -o id.gif `date +http://d.yimg.com/a/p/uc/%Y%m%d/largeimagecrwiz%y%m%d.gif`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View the newest xkcd comic.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx --dump --source http://www.xkcd.com | grep `lynx --dump http://www.xkcd.com | egrep '(png|jpg)'` | grep title | cut -d = -f2,3 | cut -d '"' -f2,4 | sed -e 's/"/|/g' | awk -F"|" ' { system("display " $1);system("echo "$2); } '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch those evil Red Hat states code D Uninterruptible sleep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n 1 "ps aux | sed -n 's/ D /&/p'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>lists contents of a tar file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -tf /path/to/file.tar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 10 | sed 1q</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use the short username by default for network authentication</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.NetworkAuthorization UseShortName -bool YES</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Match a URL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "(Something like http://foo.com/blah_blah)" | grep -oP "\b(([\w-]+://?|www[.])[^\s()<>]+(?:\([\w\d]+\)|([^[:punct:]\s]|/)))"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run command in an ftp session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ftp>!w</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>configify the list of gems on ur machine. the quick hack</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gem list --local | python -c "import sys;import re;l=sys.stdin.readlines();x=['config.gem \"'+line[:-1][:line.index(' ')] + '\" , ' +line[:-1][line.index(' '):].replace('(',':version => \"').replace(')','')+'\"' for line in l];print '\n'.join(x)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>configify the list of gems on ur machine. the quick hack</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gem list --local | python -c "import sys;import</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find in all files in the current directory, just a find shorthand</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -H -n "pattern" *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all dot files and directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%s\n" .*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the biggest accessible files/dirs in current directory,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -ms * 2>/dev/null |sort -nr|head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make all GUI stuff show up on the display connected to the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show sorted list of files with sizes more than 1MB in the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -size +1M -printf "%f:%s\n" | sort -t":" -k2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - http://www.sputnick-area.net/ip;echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>force change password for all user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while IFS=: read u x; do passwd -e "$u"; done < /etc/passwd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all dot files and directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%s\n" .*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Testing reading speed with dd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sync; time `dd if=/dev/cciss/c0d1p1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10240`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Testing writing speed with dd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sync; time `dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile bs=1M count=2048 && sync`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Better "hours of video" summary for each file/dir in the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for item in *;do echo -n "$item - ";find "$item" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 file -iNf - | grep video | cut -d: -f1 | xargs -d'\n' /usr/share/doc/mplayer/examples/midentify | grep ID_LENGTH | awk -F= '{sum+=$2} END {print(sum/60)}'; done | grep -v ' - 0$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all videos under current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 file -iNf - | grep video | cut -d: -f1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>force change password for all user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getent passwd|cut -d: -f1|xargs -n1 passwd -e</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>system beep off</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> setterm -bfreq 0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Provides external IP, Country and City in a formated manner.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> geoip () { curl -s "http://www.geoiptool.com/?IP=$1" | html2text | egrep --color 'City:|IP Address:|Country:' }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>geoip information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> geoiplookup www.commandlinefu.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shell function to turn start and length in to a range suitable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> range () { end=$(echo "$1 + $2 - 1" | bc); echo "$1-$end"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>slice a fixed number of characters from the output of a command,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> slice(){ cut -c$((${#1}+1))-; }; ls -l | slice "-rw-r--r--"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>slice a fixed number of characters from the output of a command,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> slice="-rw-r--r-- "; ls -l | cut -c $(echo "$slice" | wc -c)-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Be notified about overheating of your CPU and/or motherboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sensors | grep "Core 1" | [[ `sed -e 's/^.*+\([0-9]\{2,3\}\).*(.*/\1/'` -gt 50 ]] && notify-send "Core 1 temperature exceeds 50 degrees"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Start the x11vnc server</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x11vnc -display :0 -scale 6/7 -rfbauth vncpass -forever</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create x11vnc server authentication file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x11vnc -storepasswd your_new_apssword ~/my_vnc_pass</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all available commands</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> in bash hit "tab" twice and answer y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>geoip information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> geo(){ curl -s "http://www.geody.com/geoip.php?ip=$(dig +short $1)"| sed '/^IP:/!d;s/<[^>][^>]*>//g'; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show a script or config file without comments</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep -v "^[[:blank:]]*($|#|//|/\*| \*|\*/)" somefile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a simple backup</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar pzcvf /result_path/result.tar.gz /target_path/target_folder</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort movies by length, longest first</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *.avi; do echo -n "$i:";mediainfo $i|head | grep PlayTime | cut -d: -f2 ; done | sort -t: -k2 -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get ethX mac addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig | awk '/HW/ {print $5}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get ethX mac addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip link show eth0 | grep "link/ether" | awk '{print $2}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Build an exhaustive list of maildir folders for mutt</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/Maildir/ -mindepth 1 -type d | egrep -v '/cur$|/tmp$|/new$' | xargs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sum of the total resident memory Stainless.app is using.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ec -o command,rss | grep Stainless | awk -F ' ' '{ x = x + $2 } END { print x/(1024) " MB."}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Attach all discovered iscsi nodes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iscsiadm -m node -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add the sbin directories to your PATH if it doesn't already exist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> path+=( /sbin /usr/sbin /usr/local/sbin ); path=( ${(u)path} );</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search vmware vmx files if Linux guests are set to sync time to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in `find /vmfs/volumes/ -name *vmx -exec grep -H linux.iso {} \; |cut -d : -f 1`; do echo $x; grep -i sync $x; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Empty a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> > [filename].txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Erase empty files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -size 0 -exec rm '{}' \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Receiving alerts about commands who exit with failure</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export PROMPT_COMMAND='( x=$? ; let x!=0 && echo shell returned $x )'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Tweet my ip ( see your machine ip on twitter )</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> STAT=`curl http://www.whatismyip.org/`; curl -u YourUserName:YourPassword -d status=$STAT http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Calculating series with awk: add numbers from 1 to 100</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN {for(i=1;i<=100;i++)sum+=i}; END {print sum}' /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get ssh server fingerprints</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub && ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove CR LF from a text file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> flip -u $FILE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Prints per-line contribution per author for a GIT repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git ls-files | while read i; do git blame $i | sed -e 's/^[^(]*(//' -e 's/^\([^[:digit:]]*\)[[:space:]]\+[[:digit:]].*/\1/'; done | sort | uniq -ic | sort -nr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>grep -v with multiple patterns.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n '/test/{/error\|critical\|warning/d;p}' somefile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the system console remotely</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo cat /dev/vcs1 | fold -w 80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download all Delicious bookmarks</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u username -o bookmarks.xml https://api.del.icio.us/v1/posts/all</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Schedule a download at a later time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 'wget url' | at 01:00</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add calendar to desktop wallpaper</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> convert -font -misc-fixed-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* -fill black -draw "text 270,260 \" `cal` \"" testpic.jpg newtestpic.jpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create dir tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p doc/{text/,img/{wallpaper/,photos/}}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backup your hard drive with dd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/media/disk/backup/sda.backup</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick glance at who's been using your system recently</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last | grep -v "^$" | awk '{ print $1 }' | sort -nr | uniq -c</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Dell Service Tag Number from a Dell Machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo dmidecode | grep Serial\ Number | head -n1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change directory to actual path instead of symlink path</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd `pwd -P`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generat a Random MAC address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> MAC=`(date; cat /proc/interrupts) | md5sum | sed -r 's/^(.{10}).*$/\1/; s/([0-9a-f]{2})/\1:/g; s/:$//;'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get list of servers with a specific port open</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -sT -p 80 -oG - 192.168.1.* | grep open</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ssh tunnel with auto reconnect ability</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ ! -f /tmp/stop ]; do ssh -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes -R 2222:localhost:22 target "while nc -zv localhost 2222; do sleep 5; done"; sleep 5;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use last argument of last command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> file !$</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A function to output a man page as a pdf file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function man2pdf(){ man -t ${1:?Specify man as arg} | ps2pdf -dCompatibility=1.3 - - > ${1}.pdf; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Save current layout of top</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <Shift + W></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount the first NTFS partition inside a VDI file (VirtualBox Disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -t ntfs-3g -o ro,loop,uid=user,gid=group,umask=0007,fmask=0117,offset=0x$(hd -n 1000000 image.vdi | grep "eb 52 90 4e 54 46 53" | cut -c 1-8) image.vdi /mnt/vdi-ntfs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use all the cores or CPUs when compiling</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> make -j 4</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a list of binary numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo {0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a system overview dashboard on F12 key</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bind '"\e[24~"':"\"ps -elF;df -h;free -mt;netstat -lnpt;who -a\C-m"""</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find last reboot time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> who -b</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Start screen in detached mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> screen -d -m [<command>]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ctrl+S Ctrl+Q terminal output lock and unlock</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Ctrl+S Ctrl+Q</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>StopWatch, toilet version, amazing format inside terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export I=$(date +%s); watch -t -n 1 'T=$(date</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>StopWatch, OnScreen version, blinking shily on all desktops</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export I=$(date +%s); watch -t -n 1 'T=$(date +%s);E=$(($T-$I));hours=$((E / 3600)) ; seconds=$((E % 3600)) ; minutes=$((seconds / 60)) ; seconds=$((seconds % 60)) ; echo $(printf "%02d:%02d:%02d" $hours $minutes $seconds) | osd_cat -o 20 -d 1 -p bottom'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show bash's function definitions you defined in .bash_profile or</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> declare -f [ function_name ]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List bash functions defined in .bash_profile or .bashrc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> set | fgrep " ()"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show current folder permission recursively from /, useful for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pushd .> /dev/null; cd /; for d in `echo $OLDPWD | sed -e 's/\// /g'`; do cd $d; echo -n "$d "; ls -ld .; done; popd >/dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert Windows/DOS Text Files to Unix</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> flip -u <filenames></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create a motion jpeg (MJPEG) with the jpg file from current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mencoder mf://image1.jpg,image2.jpg,image3.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpeg -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a mpeg4 video from a jpeg picture sequence (e.g. for pencil</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o output.avi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command to build one or more network segments - with for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seg() { for b in $(echo $1); do for x in $(seq 10); do echo $b.$x; done; done }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command to build one or more network segments - with while</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seg() { echo -e "$1" | while read LINE; do for b in $(seq 10); do echo $LINE.$b; done; done; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Partition a new disk as all one partition tagged as "LInux LVM"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -e "n\np\n1\n\n\nt\n8e\nw" | fdisk /dev/sdX</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set default "New Page" as HTML in TextMate</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.macromates.textmate OakDefaultLanguage 17994EC8-6B1D-11D9-AC3A-000D93589AF6</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>encode image to base64 and copy to clipboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uuencode -m $1 /dev/stdout | sed '1d' | sed '$d' | tr -d '\n' | xclip -selection clipboard</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Battery real life energy vs predicted remaining plotted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo start > battery.txt; watch -n 60 'date >> battery.txt ; acpi -b >> battery.txt'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Do you really believe on Battery Remaining Time? Confirm it from</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo start > battery.txt; watch -n 60 'date >> battery.txt'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get decimal ascii code from character</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ord() { printf "%d\n" "'$1"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Testing hard disk writing speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time dd if=/dev/zero of=TEST bs=4k count=512000</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>record alexa traffic stats of your website</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x=1 ; while [ $x -le 10 ] ; do lynx -dump http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/http://[YOUR WEBSITE] | grep Global | sed 's/ \|Global\|\,//g' >> /var/log/alexa-stats.txt ; sleep 5h ; done &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get decimal ascii code from character</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ord () { seq 1 127 | while read i; do echo `chr $i` $i; done | grep "^$1 " | cut -c '3-' }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>google search</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e '$i=0;while($i<10){open(WGET,qq/|xargs lynx -dump/);printf WGET qq{http://www.google.com/search?q=site:g33kinfo.com&hl=en&start=$i&sa=N },$i+=10}'|grep '\/\/g33kinfo.com\/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set gnome wallpaper to a random jpg from the specified directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gconftool -t str -s /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename "`find /DIR_OF_JPGS -name '*.jpg' | shuf -n 1`"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A quick shell command to weed out the small wallpapers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in ~/Desktop/Personal/Wallpapers/*.jpg ; { size=$((`identify -format "%wx%h" $i | sed 's/x/*/'`)) ; if [[ $size -lt 800001 ]] then ; rm -f "$i" ; fi; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>GZip all files in a directory separately</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for file in *.foo; do gzip "$file"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command to resolve name from Ip address, passing only the last</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq 4|xargs -n1 -i bash -c "echo -n 164.85.216.{} - ; nslookup 164.85.216.{} |grep name"|tr -s ' ' ' '|awk '{print $1" - "$5}'|sed 's/.$//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor a file's size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ 1 ]; do du /var/log/messages;sleep 60; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if variable is a number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $X | egrep "^[0-9]+$"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View firewall config including devices on linux w/netfilter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -L -n -v</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sort lines by length</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print length, $0;}' | sort -nr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get last changed revision to all eclipse projects in a SVN working</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -iname ".project"| xargs -I {} dirname {} | LC_ALL=C xargs -I {} svn info {} | grep "Last Changed Rev\|Path" | sed "s/Last Changed Rev: /;/" | sed "s/Path: //" | sed '$!N;s/\n//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert unix timestamp to date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -ud "1970-01-01 + 1234567890 seconds"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List only locally modified files with CVS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cvs -n update 2>null | grep -i "M " | sed s/"M "//</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Bashbuiltin printf</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat file.txt | while read line; do printf "%7.2f -> %7.2f\n" $line; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List open TCP/UDP ports</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -ltun</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List open TCP/UDP ports</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -anp --tcp --udp | grep LISTEN</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Consistent Oracle Datapump Export</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expdp user/password FLASHBACK_SCN=$(echo -e "select current_scn from v\$database;" | sqlplus / as sysdba 2>/dev/null| grep [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]*)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Are 64-bit applications supported on my Solaris OS?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> isainfo -vb</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert string to array</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> s=124890; array=($(echo $s | sed 's/./& /g')); echo ${array[@]}; echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert string to array</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> s="124890";for i in $(seq 0 1 $((${#s}-1))); do arr[$i]=${s:$i:1}; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open your application to a specific size and location</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> command -geometry 120x30+1280+0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Log a command's votes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do curl -s http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/3643/log-a-commands-votes | grep 'id="num-votes-' | sed 's;.*id="num-votes-[0-9]*">\([0-9\-]*\)</div>;\1;' >> votes; sleep 10; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Colorized grep in less</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ack --pager='less -r'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>futz.me - Send yourself notes from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx "futz.me/xxx hey this is a test"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find duplicate dir in path</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $PATH|tr : '\n'|sort|uniq -d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Randomize lines (opposite of | sort)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat ~/SortedFile.txt | perl -wnl -e '@f=<>; END{ foreach $i (reverse 0 .. $#f) { $r=int rand ($i+1); @f[$i, $r]=@f[$r,$i] unless ($i==$r); } chomp @f; foreach $line (@f){ print $line; }}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find . -name "*.txt" | xargs sed -i "s/old/new/"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.txt" | xargs sed -i "s/old/new/"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>svn diff $* | colordiff | lv -c</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn diff $* | colordiff | lv -c</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive Ownership Change</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo chown -R user2:user2 /../../somedirectory</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute a command with a timeout</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e "alarm 10; exec @ARGV" "somecommand"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show which include directories your installation of Perl is</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Dump all of perl's config info</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -le 'use Config; foreach $i (keys %Config) {print "$i : @Config{$i}"}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Go get those photos from a Picasa album</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 'Enter Picasa album RSS URL:"; read -e feedurl; GET "$feedurl" |sed 's/</\n</g' | grep media:content |sed 's/.*url='"'"'\([^'"'"']*\)'"'"'.*$/\1/' > wgetlist</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all text files (exclude binary files)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . | xargs file | grep ".*: .* text" | sed "s;\(.*\): .* text.*;\1;"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Learn how to stop mistyping "ls" the fun way</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apt-get install sl; sl</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the size (in human readable form) of all sub folders from the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -h --max-depth=1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Query Wikipedia via console over DNS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dig +short txt <keyword>.wp.dg.cx</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display the top ten running processes - sorted by memory usage</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux | sort -nk +4 | tail</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A very simple and useful stopwatch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time read (ctrl-d to stop)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Place the argument of the most recent command on the shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> 'ALT+.' or '<ESC> .'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick access to the ascii table.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man ascii</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shutdown a Windows machine from Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> net rpc shutdown -I ipAddressOfWindowsPC -U username%password</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute a command without saving it in the history</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <space>command</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Jump to a directory, execute a command and jump back to current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (cd /tmp && ls)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clear the terminal screen</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ctrl-l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backticks are evil</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "The date is: $(date +%D)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Reboot machine when everything is hanging</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <alt> + <print screen/sys rq> + <R> - <S> - <E> - <I> - <U> - <B></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Easily search running processes (alias).</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias 'ps?'='ps ax | grep '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Rip audio from a video file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mplayer -ao pcm -vo null -vc dummy -dumpaudio -dumpfile <output-file> <input-file></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Matrix Style</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -c "[:digit:]" " " < /dev/urandom | dd cbs=$COLUMNS conv=unblock | GREP_COLOR="1;32" grep --color "[^ ]"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch Star Wars via telnet</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stream YouTube URL directly to mplayer.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mplayer -fs $(echo "http://youtube.com/get_video.php?$(curl -s $youtube_url | sed -n "/watch_fullscreen/s;.*\(video_id.\+\)&title.*;\1;p")")</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use heading subtitle file as watermark using mencoder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mencoder -sub heading.ssa -subpos 0 -subfont-text-scale 4 -utf8 -oac</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send a local file via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat filename | uuencode filename | mail -s "Email subject" user@example.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Bulk copy large blocks of data between File Systems (run as root</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar cpof - src |( cd des; tar xpof -)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list the last week's added files in xmms2's library</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmms2 mlib search added \> $(echo $(date +%s) - 604800|bc)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View a sopcast stream</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (sp-sc sop://broker.sopcast.com:3912/6002 3900 8900 &>/dev/null &); sleep 10; mplayer http://localhost:8900/tv.asf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show only existing executable dirs in PATH using only builtin bash</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for p in ${PATH//:/ }; do [[ -d $p && -x $p ]] && echo $p; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>for loop with leading zero in bash 3</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%02u " {3..20}; echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>for loop with leading zeros</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for s in `seq -f %02.0f 5 15`; do echo $s; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Substitution cipher</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "Decode this"| tr [a-zA-Z] $(echo {a..z} {A..Z}|grep -o .|sort -R|tr -d "\n ")</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>regex to match an ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 254.003.032.3 | grep -P '^((25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|[01]?[\d]?[1-9])\.){3}(25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|[01]?[\d]? [1-9])$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>replace @ symbol with new line character, to get new line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> %s/@/^v[M]/g</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Tar a directory and its sub-directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar cvfz dir_name.tgz dir/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ultimate</em></strong>" <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ultimate</em></strong></a>">http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ultimate</em></strong></a></a>
<pre class="codeline"> ultimate</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run remote web page, but don't save the results</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q --spider http://server/cgi/script</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount an ISO image on Mac OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hdiutil mount sample.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>When need to compress the Zope Database</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> python fsrecovery.py -P 0 -f <path-to-instance>/Data.fs <path-to-instance-destination>/Data.fs.packed</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find files in $PATH that were not installed through dpkg</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -e "${PATH//://\n}" >/tmp/allpath; grep -Fh -f /tmp/allpath</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a zip file ignoring .svn files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -not \( -name .svn -prune \) -type f | xargs zip XXXXX.zip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search OpenSolaris packages and show only the pkg names</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pkg search SEARCH_TERM | awk '{print $NF}' | sed -e 's;.*/\(.*\)\@.*;\1;' | sort -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Put the machine to sleep after the download(wget) is done</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ -n "`pgrep wget`" ]; do sleep 2 ;done; [ -e "/tmp/nosleep"] || echo mem >/sys/power/state</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View the octal dump of a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> od -vt x1 /tmp/spaghettifile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add another tty device using mknod command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mknod /dev/ttyS4 c 4 68</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>badblocks for floppy</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /sbin/badblocks -v /dev/fd0 1440</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How to watch files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -d 'ls -l'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watching Command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch 'cat /proc/loadavg'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>See if your mac can run 64-bit && if it the kernel is loaded</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep -o EFI[0-9]. && system_profiler SPSoftwareDataType |grep 64</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash/ksh function: given a file, cd to the directory it lives</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function fcd () { [ -f $1 ] && { cd $(dirname $1); } || { cd $1 ; } pwd }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit all files found having a specific string found by grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -ir 'foo' * | awk -F '{print $1}' | xargs vim</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit all files found having a specific string found by grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -ir 'foo' * | awk '{print $1}' | sed -e 's/://' | xargs vim</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all hd partitions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fdisk -l |grep -e '^/' |awk '{print $1}'|sed -e "s|/dev/||g"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find files containing text</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -lir "sometext" * > sometext_found_in.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Another way to see the network interfaces</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip addr show</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>scp a good script from host A which has no public access to host</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh middlehost "ssh -a root@securehost '> nicescript'" < nicescript</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download entire commandlinefu archive to single file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in `jot - 0 \`curl "http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse"|grep "Terminal - All commands" |perl -pe 's/.+(\d+),(\d+).+/$1$2/'|head -n1\` 25`; do curl "http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse/sort-by-votes/plaintext/$ x" ; done >a.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Do a search-and-replace in a file after making a backup</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for file in <filename>; do cp $file{,.bak} && sed 's/old/new/g' $file.bak > $file; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Resolve the "all display buffers are busy, please try later" error</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dm display-buffer reset</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get number of diggs for a news URL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s "http://services.digg.com/stories?link=$NEWSURL&appkey=http://www.whate ver.com&type=json" | python -m simplejson.tool | grep diggs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Verbosely delete files matching specific name pattern, older than</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /backup/directory -name "FILENAME_*" -mtime +15 -exec rm -vf {};</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>locate a filename, make sure it exists and display it with full</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locate -e somefile | xargs ls -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files and sizes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -type f -exec wc -c {} \; | sort -nr | head -100</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>power off system in X hours form the current time, here X=2</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo init 0 | at now + 2 hours</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>purge old stale messages on a qmail queue</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `grep "unable to stat" /var/log/syslog | cut -d "/" -f 3 | sort | uniq`; do find /var/qmail/queue -name $i -type f -exec rm -v {} \; ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>delete all DrWeb status, failure and other messages on a postfix</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mailq | grep DrWEB | awk {'print $1'} | sed s/*//g | postsuper -d -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>less an message on a postfix mailsystem with a specific</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> id=<XXXX>; find /var/spool/postfix/ -name $id -exec less {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>replace old htaccess php AddHandler values with new one</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /var/www/ -type f -name ".htaccess" -exec perl -pi -e 's/AddHandler[\s]*php(4|5)-cgi/AddHandler x-httpd-php\1/' {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Have a list of directories in a file, ending with newlines and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat filename | tr '\n' '\0' | du -hsc ?files0-from=-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download all Phrack .tar.gzs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for ((i=1; i<67; i++)) do wget http://www.phrack.org/archives/tgz/phrack${i}.tar.gz -q; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove CR from Windows- / DOS-textfiles</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dos2unix file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch changeable interrupts continuously</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n1 'cat /proc/interrupts</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Merge ( directories [looking for improvement]</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (cd SRC; find . -type d -exec mkdir TARGET/{} ";"; find . -type f -exec mv {} TARGET/{} ";")</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>total text files in current dir</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> file -i * | grep 'text/plain' | wc -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>An easter egg built into python to give you the Zen of Python</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "import this" | python</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>checks if host /service is up on a host that doesn't respond to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do clear; nmap ${hostname} -PN -p ${hostport}; sleep 5; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print latest (top 10, top 3 or *) commandlinefu.com commands</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - http://www.commandlinefu.com/feed/tenup | xmlstarlet sel -T -t -o '<x>' -n -t -m rss/channel/item -o '<y>' -n -v description -o '</y>' -n -t -o '</x>' | xmlstarlet sel -T -t -m x/y -v code -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Analyze awk fields</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr " " "\n" | nl</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add "prefix" on a bunch of files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for a in *; do mv $a prefix${a}; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Interface's IP on Mac</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ipconfig getifaddr <Interface></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Picture Renamer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -1 *.jpg | while read fn; do export pa=`exiv2 "$fn" | grep timestamp | awk '{ print $4 " " $5 ".jpg"}' | tr ":" "-"`; mv "$fn" "$pa"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pipe commands from a textfile to a telnet-server with netcat</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nc $telnetserver 23 < $commandfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy files from list with hierarchy</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat files.txt | xargs tar -cv | tar -x -c $DIR/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send SNMP traps</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo snmptrap -m ALL -v 2c -c public trapserver "" UCD-DEMO-MIB::ucdDemoPublic SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 s "Just here"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create more threads with less stack space</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ulimit -s 64</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>modify (mozldap) with proxy authentication and no other controls</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ldapmodify -Y "dn:uid=rob,dc=example.com" -g -R -J 2.16.840.1.113730.3.4.16 ...</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert a batch of images to a Video</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mencoder "mf://frame_*.bmp" -mf w=720:h=480:fps=30:type=bmp -ovc lavc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command to display how much resource is taken by cpu and which</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pidstat -C "ffmpeg" -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lists unambigously names of all xml elements used in files in</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -Eho '<[a-ZA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_-:]*' * | sort -u | cut -c2-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use curl to resume a failed download</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat file-that-failed-to-download.zip | curl -C - http://www.somewhere.com/file-I-want-to-download.zip >successfully-downloaded.zip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Batch image resize</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for a in `ls`; do echo $a && convert $a -resize <Width>x<Height> $a; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>skipping five lines, at top, then at bottom</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> seq 1 12 | sed 1,5d ; seq 1 12 | head --lines=-5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate Files with Random Content and Size in Bash</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> no_of_files=10; counter=1; while [[ $counter -le $no_of_files ]]; do echo Creating file no $counter; dd bs=1024 count=$RANDOM skip=$RANDOM if=/dev/sda of=random-file.$counter; let "counter += 1"; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Gentoo: Get the size of all installed packets, sorted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> equery s | sed 's/(\|)/ /g' | sort -n -k 9 | gawk '{print $1" "$9/1048576"m"}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all IPs via ifconfig</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ipconfig getpacket en0 | grep yi| sed s."yiaddr = "."en0: ". ipconfig getpacket en1 | grep yi| sed s."yiaddr = "."en1: ".</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Bypass 1000 Entry limit of Active Directory with ldapsearch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ldapsearch -LLL -H ldap://${HOST}:389 -b 'DC=${DOMAIN},DC=${TLD}' -D '${USER}' -w 'password' objectclass=* -E pr=2147483647/noprompt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change a text files contents without opening it, or intermediate</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> print 'g/'delete this line'/delete\nwq' | ex file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change open file descriptors limit.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ulimit -n <value></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ignore hidden directory in bash completion (e.g. .svn)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Add to ~/.inputrc: set match-hidden-files off</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send Reminders from your Linux Server to Growl on a Mac</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> remind -z1 -k'echo %s |ssh <user>@<host> "growlnotify"' ~/.reminders &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Test your total disk IO capacity, regardless of caching, to find</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> time dd if=/dev/zero of=blah.out oflag=direct bs=256M count=1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a file list of all package files installed on your</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `rpm -qva | sort ` ; do ; echo "===== $i =====" ; rpm -qvl $i ; done > /tmp/pkgdetails</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Test network performance, copying from the mem of one box, over</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero bs=256M count=1 | nc [remoteIP] [remotePort] and on the other host nc -l port >/dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fast grepping (avoiding UTF overhead)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export LANG=C; grep string longBigFile.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Watch number of lines being processed on a clear screen</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/urandom|awk 'BEGIN{"tput cuu1" | getline CursorUp; "tput clear" | getline Clear; printf Clear}{num+=1;printf CursorUp; print num}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sorting by rows</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> infile=$1 for i in $(cat $infile) do echo $i | tr "," "\n" | sort -n | tr "\n" "," | sed "s/,$//" echo done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kill some process (same as others) but parsing to a variable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pkill -9 -f program</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Test if the given argument is a valid ip address.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e '$p=qr!(?:0|1\d{0,2}|2(?:[0-4]\d?|5[0-5]?|[6-9])?|[3-9]\d?)!;print((shi ft=~m/^$p\.$p\.$p\.$p$/)?1:0);' 123.123.123.123</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SSH monitor</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh root@server 'tail --max-unchanged-stats=10 -n0 -F /var/log/auth.log ' | grep Accepted | while read l ; do kdialog --title "SSH monitor" --passivepopup "$l" 3; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Printing multiple years with Unix cal command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for y in 2009 2010 2011; do cal $y; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Matrix Style</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while $t; do for i in `seq 1 30`;do r="$[($RANDOM % 2)]";h="$[($RANDOM % 4)]";if [ $h -eq 1 ]; then v="\e[1m $r";else v="\e[2m $r";fi;v2="$v2 $v";done;echo -e $v2;v2="";done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Migrate gems from one ruby installation to another</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /originalInstall/gem list | tr -d '(),' | xargs -L 1 sudo ./gemInst.sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files with lines that do not match a pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fmiss() { grep -cR "$*" * | grep -E ':0$' | cut -d: -f1 ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Scan computers OS and open services on all network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nmap -O 192.168.1.1/24</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bbs in utf8 console</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> luit -encoding gbk telnet bbs.sysu.edu.cn</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Puts every word from a file into a new line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -r 's/[ \t\r\n\v\f]+/\^J/g' INFILE > OUTFILE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Overwrite local files from copies in a flat directory, even if</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for f in $(find * -maxdepth 0 -type f); do file=$(find ~/target -name $f); if [ -n "$file" ]; then cp $file ${file}.bak; mv $f $file; fi; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Frequency Sweep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> l=500; x=500; y=200; d=-15;for i in `seq $x $d $y`; do beep -l $l -f $i;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get a list of running virtual machines from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vmrun list</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run vmware virtual machine from the command line without the gui</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vmrun start /path/to/virtual_machine.vmx nogui</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if you need to run LaTeX more times to get the refefences</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep "(There were undefined references|Rerun to get (cross-references|the bars) right)" texfile.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly clean log files (assuming you don't want them anymore)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for file in `find /var/log/ -type f -size +5000k`; do > $file; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly clean log files (assuming you don't want them anymore)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for file in `find /var/log/ -type f -size +5000k`; do echo " " > $file; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>my command for downloading delicious web links,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -r --wait=5 --quota=5000m --tries=3 --directory-prefix=/home/erin/Documents/erins_webpages --limit-rate=20k --level=1 -k -p -erobots=off -np -N --exclude-domains=del.icio.us,doubleclick.net -F -i ./delicious-20090629.htm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract the emoticons regex from a running skype process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> S=`pidof skype`;grep heap /proc/$S/maps|cut -f1 -d' '|awk -F- '{print "0x" $1 " 0x" $2}'|xargs echo "du me t ">l;gdb -batch -p $S -x l>/dev/null 2>&1;strings t|grep \(smirk|head -n1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Untar file with absolute pathname to relative location</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pax -r -s ',^/,,' -f file.tar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open a Remote Desktop (RDP) session with a custom resolution.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mstsc /w:1500 /h:900 /v:www.example.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get linkspeed, ip-adress, mac-address and processor type from osx</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "-------------" >> nicinfo.txt; echo "computer name x" >> nicinfo.txt; ifconfig | grep status >> nicinfo.txt; ifconfig | grep inet >> nicinfo.txt; ifconfig | grep ether >> nicinfo.txt; hostinfo | grep type >> nicinfo.txt;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>String Capitalization</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "${STRING}" | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' | awk '{print toupper(substr($0,1,1))substr($0,2);}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>vim insert current filename</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> :r! echo %</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Match non-empty lines</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v "^\W$" <filename></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find large files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -s | sort -nr | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a random file of a specific size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile.txt bs=1M count=10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract the daily average number of iops</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in `seq -w 1 30`; do sar -b -f /var/log/sa/sa$x | gawk '/Average/ {print $2}'; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send multiple attachments using mailx</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (uuencode foo.txt foo.txt; uuencode /etc/passwd passwd.txt)|mailx -s "Pandaren!" someone@cmdfu.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract multiple file in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *.tar.gz; do tar -xzf $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Finds all of the mailers being used in your rails app</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep -r '(render_message|multipart).*('`find app/views -name '*.erb' | grep mailer | sed -e 's/\..*//' -e 's/.*\///' | uniq | xargs | sed 's/ /|/g'`')' app/models</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>I hate `echo X | Y`</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> base64 -d <<<</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Rsync remote data as root using sudo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rsync --rsync-path 'sudo rsync' username@source:/folder/ /local/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find the process that is using a certain port e.g. port 3000</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsof -P | grep ':3000'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check Ram Speed and Type in Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo dmidecode --type 17 | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Grep for word in directory (recursive)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep --color=auto -iRnH "$search_word" $directory</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List of commands you use most often</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> history | awk '{print $2}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively remove .svn directories from the current location</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d -name '.svn' -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rdf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find process associated with a port</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fuser [portnumber]/[proto]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get http headers for an url</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -I www.commandlinefu.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy working directory and compress it on-the-fly while showing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -cf - . | pv -s $(du -sb . | awk '{print $1}') | gzip > out.tgz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clean your broken terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> stty sane</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>geoip information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s "http://www.geody.com/geoip.php?ip=$(curl -s icanhazip.com)" | sed '/^IP:/!d;s/<[^>][^>]*>//g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Unbelievable Shell Colors, Shading, Backgrounds, Effects for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for c in `seq 0 255`;do t=5;[[ $c -lt 108 ]]&&t=0;for i in `seq $t 5`;do echo -e "\e[0;48;$i;${c}m|| $i:$c `seq -s+0 $(($COLUMNS/2))|tr -d '[0-9]'`\e[0m";done;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How fast is the connexion to a URL, some stats from curl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> URL="http://www.google.com";curl -L --w "$URL\nDNS %{time_namelookup}s conn %{time_connect}s time %{time_total}s\nSpeed %{speed_download}bps Size %{size_download}bytes\n" -o/dev/null -s $URL</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Emulate a dual-screen using vnc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x2vnc {-west|-east|-north|-south} computer-ip:display-number</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove the boot loader from a usb stick</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=446 count=1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Archive every file in /var/logs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /var/logs -name * | xargs tar -jcpf logs_`date +%Y-%m-%e`.tar.bz2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check syntax of all PHP files before an SVN commit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `svn status | egrep '^(M|A)' | sed -r 's/\+\s+//' | awk '{ print $2 }'` ; do if [ ! -d $i ] ; then php -l $i ; fi ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove an old gmetric statistic</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gmetric -n $METRIC_NAME -v foo -t string -d 10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Today's date on a yearly calendar...</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cal -y | tr '\n' '|' | sed "s/^/ /;s/$/ /;s/ $(date +%e) / $(date +%e | sed 's/./#/g') /$(date +%m | sed s/^0//)" | tr '|' '\n'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Eclipse needs to know the path to the local maven repository.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mvn -Declipse.workspace=<path-to-eclipse-workspace> eclipse:add-maven-repo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Do a quick check on the harware specifications on a set of Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> clear; for i in `cat thehosts` ; do ssh $i "cat uname -a ; /etc/redhat-release; cat /proc/cpuinfo | tail -n 25 | egrep '^processor|^model name' "; free ; df -h ;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get max number of arguments</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getconf ARG_MAX</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get the list of temps for your hard-drives</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hddtemp /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/hda /dev/hdb | gawk '{print $NF}' | perl -n -e '$_ =~ s/(\d+)/print "$1 "/eg }{ print "\n"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shows the torrent file name along with the trackers url</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -ao -HP "http://[^/]*/" *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete Empty Directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d -exec rmdir {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>my command for downloading delicious web links,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -H -r -nv --level=1 -k -p -erobots=off -np -N --exclude-domains=del.icio.us,doubleclick.net --exclude-directories=</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How to Find the Block Size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /sbin/dumpe2fs /dev/hda2 | grep 'Block size'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>automatically add and remove files in subversion</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn st | grep '^\?' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn add; svn st | grep '^\!' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>alias for etckeeper, to commit changes after moification of etc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function ec() { ec_var="`pwd`" && cd /etc/ && sudo bzr commit -m "$@" && cd $ec_var; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Syslog System Reporting in a shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -f --retry /var/log/syslog /var/log/auth.log | ccze -A</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view the system memory in clear text</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hexdump -e '90/1 "%_p" "\n"' /dev/mem | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints message in given argument on on center of screen</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function echox { echo `tput cup $(($(tput lines))) $(( ($(tput cols) - $(echo "${#1}"))/2 ))`"$1"`tput cup $(tput lines) $(( $(tput cols)-1 ))`; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>fetch 1600 jokes from robsjokes.com into a single file, which is</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `seq -w 1600` ; do links -dump http://www.robsjokes.com/$i/index.html | sed '/Random Joke/,/Next Joke/!d' | sed '/^$/,/^$/!d' >> ~/temp/Rob.jokes ; echo '%' >> ~/temp/Rob.jokes ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sync a directory of corrupted jpeg with a source directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *jpg; do jpeginfo -c $i | grep -E "WARNING|ERROR" | cut -d " " -f 1 | xargs -I '{}' find /mnt/sourcerep -name {} -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I '{}' cp -f {} ./ ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Reads in the ~/.Xdefaults</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias xdef_load='xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search gdb help pages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gdb command: apropos <keyword></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>One liner gdb attach to Acrobat</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (acroread &);sleep 2;gdb /opt/Adobe/Reader8/Reader/intellinux/bin/acroread `pidof ld-linux.so.2`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert ip address in hexadecimal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gethostip 208.69.34.230 -x</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find your graphics chipset</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci |grep VGA</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Laminate files line by line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lam -f 1.4 myfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert Raw pictures to jpg</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for img in $( ls *.CR2 ); do convert $img $img.jpg; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a summary of network devices in the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $ for i in `ls --color=none /sys/class/net`; do echo "# $i"; sudo ethtool $i | grep -E "Link|Speed" ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Install a library to a remote repository</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mvn deploy:deploy-file -DgroupId=groupId -DartifactId=artifactId -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=pathtolib -DrepositoryId=repository -Durl=url</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get thread count for process on Solaris</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -L -p <pid> | wc -l</pre>
<p>
<p>
<strong><em>Start a vnc session on the currently running X session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x0vnc4server -display :0 -PasswordFile ~/.vnc/passwd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send Disk usage via email</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> #!/bin/sh #du.sh i=`hostname -i` df -h > /tmp/space.txt echo "server $i " >> /tmp/space.txt uuencode /tmp/space.txt space.txt | mail -s "HDD usage $i" email@email.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List installed rpm named and arquitecture.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME} %{ARCH}\n"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute a command with the last parameter of a previous command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls !$</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Number of seconds to certain unix date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $( (( $( (2**31 -1) ) - $(date +%s) )) )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the version of sshd on a remote system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -vN hostname 2>&1 | grep "remote software version"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>log your PC's motherboard and CPU temperature along with the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date +%m/%d/%y%X|tr -d 'n' >>datemp.log&& sensors|grep +5V|cut -d "(" -f1|tr -d 'n'>> datemp.log && sensors |grep Temp |cut -d "(" -f1|tr -d 'n'>>datemp.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete more than one month old thumbnails from home directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/.thumbnails/ -type f -atime +30 -print0 | xargs -0 rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clean up after improper deletes in subversion</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn rm `svn status | grep "\!" | cut -c 8-`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a symbolic link tree that shadows a directory structure</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /home/user/doc/ -type d -printf "mkdir -vp '/home/user/Dropbox%p'\n" -o -type f -printf "ln -vs '%p' '/home/user/Dropbox%p'\n" | sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Given NOPASSWD privileges on a remote SSH server, sftp as root</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sftp -s "sudo /usr/lib/sftp-server" user@host</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Simple countdown from a given date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch --no-title -d -n 1 'echo `date -d "next Thursday" +%s` "-" `date +%s` | bc -l'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clean the /boot directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -q kernel-2* | grep -v $(uname -r) | xargs yum erase -y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Apply all pending updates to Mandriva Linux system (2008.0 and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> urpmi --auto-update --force # apply all pending updates (Mandriva Linux)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Dns zone transfer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> host -la domain.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Adds characters at the beginning of the name of a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rename 's/.*/[it]$&/' *.pdf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Disable all iptables rules without disconnecting yourself</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT && iptables -OUTPUT ACCEPT</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the files that you've modified in an SVN tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | egrep '^(M|A)' | egrep -o '[^MA\ ].*$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the ordered header line (with field names) of a CSV file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function headers { head -1 $* | tr ',' '\12' | pr -t -n ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A bash function to show the files most recently modified in the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function t { ls -ltch $* | head -20 ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send an http HEAD request w/curl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -i -X HEAD http://localhost/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lists open ports</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -antuwp | egrep "(^[^t])|(^tcp.*LISTEN)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>alias to show my own configured ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias showip="ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr:' | sed 's/.*addr\:\(.*\) Bcast\:.*/\1/'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>do a release upgrade in ubuntu</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> do-release-upgrade</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all rpms on system by name, version and release numbers, and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa --qf '%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove leading zeros in multiple columns with sed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed 's/\b\(0*\)//g' filename</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How to know if your NIC receive link</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch ethtool eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Strip out time difference entries when verifying rpms on x86_64</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -Va | grep -v "\.\.\.\.\.\.\.T"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>host - DNS lookup utility</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> host google.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy all files. All normal files, all hidden files and all files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp ./* .[!.]* ..?* /path/to/dir</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a P12 file, using OpenSSL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl pkcs12 -export -in /dir/CERTIFICATE.pem -inkey /dir/KEY.pem -certfile /dir/CA-cert.pem -name "certName" -out /dir/certName.p12</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View the list of files and directories in an archive with less.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> less file.tar.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate secure password to userwith chpasswd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "encryptedpassword"|openssl passwd -1 -stdin</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit the /etc/sudoers config file the right way.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> visudo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>package most recent files in project</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/project -mtime -1 -type f -print | tar jcvf myfiles.tar.bz2 -T -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ls to show hidden file, but not . or ..</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -A</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Scan your LAN for unauthorized IPs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> diff <(nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24 | grep ^Host | sed 's/.appears to be up.//g' | sed 's/Host //g') auth.hosts | sed 's/[0-9][a-z,A-Z][0-9]$//' | sed 's/</UNAUTHORIZED IP -/g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search manpages on the internets</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> manview() { lynx -dump -accept_all_cookies 'http://www.csuglab.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/adm/man.cgi?section=all&topic=' "$1" | less; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>AIX: Determine what filesets are missing to reach a TL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> instfix -icq | grep 5300-07_AIX_ML | grep ":-:"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract the contents of an RPM package to your current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm2cpio /path/to/file.rpm | cpio -i -d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SVN Clean</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep ^? | awk '{print $2}' | xargs rm -rf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use the page up key to complete the command.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "\"\e[5~\": history-search-backward" >> ~/.inputrc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate a specification file for file integrity scanning.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mtree -c -K sha256digest -X mtree.exclude -p /path > host.mtree</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show hidden files in OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Diff with colour highlighting</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn diff ARGUMENTS_FOR_DIFF | source-highlight --out-format=esc --src-lang=diff</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Summarize size of all files of given type in all subdirectories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> SUM=0; for FILESIZE in `find /tmp -type f -iname \*pdf -exec du -b {}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remount root in read-write mode.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mount -o remount,rw /</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search the pattern from bzip2'ed file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bzgrep -i "pattern" pattern.bz2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>exclude file(s) from rsync</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rsync -vazuK --exclude "*.mp3" --exclude "*.svn*" * user@host:/path</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>CSV list of infected URLS detected by ClamAV</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep "FOUND" /var/log/squidclamav.log | awk '{print $5"-"$2"-"$3","$4","$11}' | sed -e 's/\,http.*url=/\,/g' | sed -e 's/&/\,/g' | sed -e 's/source=//g' |sed -e 's/user=//g' | sed -e 's/virus=//g' | sed -e 's/stream\:+//g' | sed -e 's/\+FOUND//g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Parse tektronic csv files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN {FS=","} {loc = $4, val=$5; getline < "f0001ch1.csv"; print loc,val,$5}' f0001ch2.csv > data</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find distro name / release version</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $ cat /etc/*-release</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search installed files of package, that doesn't remember his name</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa | grep PACKAGENAME | xargs rpm -q --filesbypkg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Allows incoming traffic from specific IP address to port 80</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo ufw allow proto tcp from 1.2.3.4 to any port 80</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send current job to the background</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ^Z then bg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add all not commited files to svn</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn st | grep ^? | xargs svn add 2> /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Grep the process excluding the grep itself.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ef | grep [t]clsh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>this toggles mute on the Master channel of an alsa soundcard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> on="off"; off="on"; now=$(amixer get Master | tr -d '[]' | grep "Playback.*%" |head -n1 |awk '{print $7}'); amixer sset Master ${!now}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make a zip file containing all files with the openmeta tag "data"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mdfind "tag:data" > /tmp/data.txt ; zip -r9@ ~/Desktop/data.zip < /tmp/data.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>catch all the txt files into a start_dir tree and copy them into</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find start_dir -name *.txt | xargs -J % cp % end_dir/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>opening your helper script without knowing the path (zsh)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> less =rcsyslog</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Easily move around many directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> a() { alias $1=cd\ $PWD; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>moreplayingaround</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -s -u username:passwd http://twitter.com/statuses/friends_timeline.rss|grep title|sed -ne 's/<\/*title>//gp' |festival --tts</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>grep or</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep 'string1|string2' file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove all directories less than 1 MB in size in or below current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d -execdir du -sh '{}' ';' | grep -E "[0-9]+K" | sed 's/^[0-9\.]\+K[\t ]\+//' | tr "\n" "\0" | xargs -0 rm -rf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pushd rotates the stack so that the second directory comes at the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pushd +2; pushd -2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List encoding of ? in all avalible char sets</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `recode -l | cut -d" " -f 1`; do echo $i": ?" | recode utf-8..$i -s -p >> temp; done; vim temp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A simple X11 tea timer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $(STEEP=300; sleep $STEEP; xmessage "Your tea is done") &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>send files via ssh-xfer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat somefilehere.txt | ssh-xfer nametocallfile.txt -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove blank lines from a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v "^$" file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Runs a command without hangups.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nohup <command> &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add new file under svn version control.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn st | grep ^\? | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn add</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show some details of recent Leopard Time Machine activity - shell:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> syslog -F '$Time $Message' -k Sender /System/Library/CoreServices/backupd -k Time ge -72h | tail -n 30</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Update obsolete CVS Root files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find cvsdir -name Root -exec sed -i 's/oldserver/newserver/' {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ps grep with header</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psg () { ps auxwww | egrep "$1|PID" | grep -v grep }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Simple calculator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do read i; echo $[$i]; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print total size of specified files and subdirectories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -sk * | awk '{print $1} END {print "[+z1<y]sy\nlyx\np"}' | dc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all files fred* unless in a junk directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls **/fred*~*junk*/*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>psg (ps grep) function if you don't have pgrep or don't know how</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psg() { if [ -z "$2" ]; then psargs="aux"; greparg="$1"; else psargs="$1"; greparg="$2"; fi; ps $psargs | grep -i "$(echo $greparg | sed -e 's/^\(.\)/[\1]/')\|^$(ps $psargs | head -1)" ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Play a random .avi file from a media tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unset files i; set -f; O=$IFS; while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' files[i++]; do :; done < <(find . -name '*.avi' -print0) && IFS=$O; set +f && echo "Running: mplayer \"${files[ $(( $RANDOM % ${#files[@]} )) ]}\""</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Paged, colored svn diff</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn diff $* | colordiff | less -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set open firmware password command mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/local/bin/OFPW -mode 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>what the free memory grow or shink</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -d "free -mt"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View video cam from remote machine during ssh session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xawtv -remote -bpp 16 -noxv-video -geometry 160x120 -device /dev/video0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Disable Mac OS X Dashboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.apple.dashboard mcx-disabled -boolean YES; killall</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete all ".svn" directories from current path (recursive)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name ".svn" -exec rm -rf {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort files by date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -lrt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Exit shell faster</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ^D</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backup your precious Tomato Router Stats</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl http://root:PASSWORD@ROUTER_DYN_DNS/bwm/tomato_rstatsa001839ceb1d4.gz?_ http_id=HTTPID > $HOME/Dropbox/Backups/tomato_stats.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>recursively change file name extensions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -name \*.c | while read f; do mv $f "`basename $f .c`".C; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate a random number in a range</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> START=20; END=50 echo $(($START+(`od -An -N2 -i /dev/random`)%($END-$START+1)))</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recall last argument of previous command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd !$</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>See which files differ in a diff</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> diff dir1 dir2 | diffstat</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stripping ^M at end of each line for files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e 's:^V^M::g' <filenames></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clean all .pyc files from current project. It cleans all the files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.pyc" -exec rm {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Locate Hacked Files and Dump.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -name '*.html' -exec grep -H HACKED {} \; > hacklog.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search into contents of python module</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> srchpymod() { python -c "import $1; print filter(lambda x: x.find('$2') >= 0, dir($1))"; };</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make a pipe organ sound using XMMS and Python</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmms `python -c "print \"tone://\" + \";\".join([str(22*(2**x)) for x in range(9)])"`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>exim statistics about mails from queue</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> exim -bp | exiqsumm -c</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command line invocation of ImageMagick to resize a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> convert panorama_rainbow_2005.jpg -resize 40% panorama_rainbow_compress.jpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>removing those pesky malformed lines at the end of a text file..</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -n $file | tail -n 100 && head -n number-of-lines-you-want-to-keep > newfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git log1 alias</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git config --global alias.log1 "log --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Activate the mandatory proxy under ubuntu</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gconftool-2 --set "/system/http_proxy/use_http_proxy" --type boolean true</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>hours before the time()==1234567890</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $(( (1234567890 - `date -u +\%s`) / 60 / 60 ))</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set your computer's clock, using HTTP and HTP (HTTP Time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> htpdate -P proxy www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.commandlinefu.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all Windows services on the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sc queryex type= service state= all | find "_NAME"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash chop</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias chop="tr -d '\r\n'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>alias dir to ls -al</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias dir="ls -al"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>@mail.com by adding the line in list.txt</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while read line; do echo -e "$line@mail.com"; done < list.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Resize all JPEGs in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mogrify -resize 1024 *.jpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>svn diff ignore whitespace</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn diff --diff-cmd diff -x -uw /path/to/file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove CVS root files under current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name Root -print | xargs rm -f</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Strip out Hungarian notation from a PHP file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat file.php | perl -p -e 's/(\$|->)(str|arr|obj|int|flt|boo|bool|mix|res)([A-Z])/$1\L$3/g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Checks the syntax of all PHP files in and below the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.php" -exec php -l {} \; | sed -e "/^No syntax/d"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set date and time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo date -s "26 OCT 2008 19:30:00"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Erase CD RW</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wodim -v dev=/dev/dvd -blank=fast</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert from a decimal number to a binary number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 'ibase=10; obase=2; 127' | bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git branch point</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git merge-base branch1 branch2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git merge --dry-run</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git merge --no-commit --no-ff</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Format a password file for John the Ripper from Cisco configs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n 's/[ :]/_/g; s/^\(.\{1,\}\)_5_\($1$[$./0-9A-Za-z]\{27,31\}\)_*$/\1:\2/p' < cisco-device-config > passwd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>(tcsh alias)Reverse an IPv4 address. It is useful to looking the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias ip4rev "echo \!* | sed 's/^\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)/\4.\3.\2.\1/'"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick aliases for going up a directory tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias ::='cd ../../'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print code 3-up and syntax-highlighted for easy beach-time study</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> enscript -E -B -3 -r -s 0 --borders -fCourier4.8 --mark-wrapped-lines=arrow</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>displays comments from random jpeg files.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ~/random_jpegs/folder -name "*.jpg" -exec rdjpgcom {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change size of lots of image files. File names are read from a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ( while read File; do mogrify -resize 1024 -quality 96 $File; done ) < filelist</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List shared libraries recognized by the system</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ldconfig -p | grep <somenewlib.so></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>check rpm pkg content w/o installation</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qlp <package.rpm></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Switch on eeepc camera</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo echo 1 > /proc/acpi/asus/camera</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>grep selectively</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path -name \*.php -user nobody -exec grep -nH whatever {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find out about a process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/<PID>/environ</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copying data with cpio</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./source -depth -print | cpio -cvo> /destination/source_data.cpio; cd /destination; cpio -icvmdI ./source_data.cpio; rm -rf ./source_data.cpio</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>move files without actually touching them</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /some/directory \&\& tar cf - | cd /some/directory \&\& tar xvf - */</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using psnup to get two pages per page</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psnup -2 file.ps | lpr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>printing with psnup</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> psnup -4 -pa4 -Pa4 file.ps file2.ps</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>to get how many users logged in and logged out and how many times</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last | awk '$1!~/wtmp/{logs[$1]++}END{for (i in logs) print i, logs[i]}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To get how many users logged in and logged out and how many times</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last | awk '{ print $1 }' | sort | uniq -c | grep -v wtmp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To get the different name field nformation on rpm packages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa --qf '%{name}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To get the latest information on rpm packages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa --last</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all local disk and UFS mounts on Solaris</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> df -kFufs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View latest apache access log</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> view `ls -1 access_log.* | tail -n 1`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Serve one or more git repositories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git daemon --reuseaddr --verbose --export-all --base-path=/parent/of/bare/git/repos</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change to the selected directory for zsh users</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias scd='dirs -v; echo -n "select number: "; read newdir; cd -"$newdir"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Perl check if library is installed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e "use SOAP::Lite"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>encode HTML entities</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -MHTML::Entities -ne 'print encode_entities($_)' /tmp/subor.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show all occurences of STRING with filename and line number for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find DIR -name "FILE" -exec grep -IHn STRING {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find and kill a zombie process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -HUP `ps -A -ostat,ppid,pid,cmd | grep -e '^[Zz]' | awk '{print $2}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>make non-printable characters visible</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -A</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quick integer CPU benchmark</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo '2^2^20' | time bc > /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all IPs via ifconfig</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig -a | perl -nle'/(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)/ && print $1'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all these commands in a text file with description.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in `jot - 0 2400 25`; do curl "http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse/sort-by-votes/plaintext/$ x" ; done > commandlinefu.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all IPs via ifconfig</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig | perl -nle'/dr:(\S+)/ && print $1'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show git branches by date - useful for showing active branches</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for k in `git branch|perl -pe s/^..//`;do echo -e `git show --pretty=format:"%Cgreen%ci %Cblue%cr%Creset" $k|head -n 1`\\t$k;done|sort -r</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set your profile so that you resume or start a screen session on</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "screen -DR" >> ~/.bash_profile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Purge configuration files of removed packages on debian based</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo aptitude purge `dpkg --get-selections | grep deinstall | awk '{print $1}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Grep colorized</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -i --color=auto</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete the specified line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -i 8d ~/.ssh/known_hosts</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>git remove files which have been deleted</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git rm $(git ls-files --deleted)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pipe STDOUT to vim</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -1000 /some/file | vim -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Calculates the date 2 weeks ago from Saturday the specified</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d '2 weeks ago Saturday' +%Y-%m-%d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add your public SSH key to a server in one command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh hostname 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pattern match in awk - no grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '/pattern1/ && /pattern2/ && !/pattern3/ {print}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Echo the latest commands from commandlinefu on the console</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -O - http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse/rss 2>/dev/null | awk '/\s*<title/ {z=match($0, /CDATA\[([^\]]*)\]/, b);print b[1]} /\s*<description/ {c=match($0, /code>(.*)<\/code>/, d);print d[1]"\n"} '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>scping files with streamlines compression (tar gzip)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar czv file1 file2 folder1 | ssh user@server tar zxv -C /destination</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Optimal way of deleting huge numbers of files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path/to/dir -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert vdi to vmdk (virtualbox hard disk conversion to vmware</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> VBoxManage internalcommands converttoraw winxp.vdi winxp.raw && qemu-img convert -O vmdk winxp.raw winxp.vmdk && rm winxp.raw</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill processes that have been running for more than a week</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /proc -user myuser -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +7 -exec basename {} \; | xargs kill -9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change user, assume environment, stay in current dir</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> su -- user</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List Network Tools in Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apropos network |more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search filenames with given pattern; each one is transfered via</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> 'ls -1 *<pattern>* | while read file; do scp $file user@host:/path/; if</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>JVM Garbage Collector Stats</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> jstat -gc [jvmpid]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert Windows/DOS Text Files to Unix</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dos2unix dostxt unixtxt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Reset the time stamps on a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> touch -acm yyyymmddhhMM.ss [file]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert PDFLaTeX PDF to Illustrator-usable EPS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gs -dNOCACHE -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dSAFER -sDEVICE=epswrite -dEPSCrop -sOutputFile=out.eps in.pdf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files in an RPM package</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm --query --filesbypackage [packagename]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List RPM packages installed in current tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find $PWD -exec rpm --query -f {} \; | sort -u | grep -v "not owned"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>See whether your compiled Apache is prefork or worker MPM</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/sbin/httpd -l</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Rotate the X screen via xrandr</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xrandr --output [youroutput] --rotate [right|left|normal] -d [yourdisplay]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Customizable Search Context</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -n search\>\ ; read SEARCH_STRING && sed -n "/$SEARCH_STRING/{n;p;n;p;n;p;q}" [file-to-search]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ps with parent/child process tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps auxf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create files of arbitrary size in Windows</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> fsutil file createnew FILENAME filesize(inbytes)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert an ssh2 public key to openssh format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh-keygen -i -f $sshkeysfile >> authorized_keys</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>(Inside of a shell script) Make executable a BeanShell script</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ///bin/true; exec java bsh.Interpreter "$0" "$@"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list process ids for given program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pidof httpd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Total procs, avg size (RSS) and Total mem use</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps awwwux | grep httpd | grep -v grep | awk '{mem = $6; tot = $6 + tot; total++} END{printf("Total procs: %d\nAvg Size: %d KB\nTotal Mem Used: %f GB\n", total, mem / total, tot / 1024 / 1024)}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view all lines without comments.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -v "^#" file.txt | more</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for files or directories, then show a sorted list</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(locate your_search_phrase); do dirname $i; done | sort | uniq</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all packages with no dependencies (yum based system)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> package-cleanup --leaves --all</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the process ID of such program:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pgrep xterm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Link all the files in this directory to that directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /this/directory; for f in *; do ln -s `pwd`/$f /that/directory; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cpuinfo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>look for a header reference in a shared library</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> strings libc-2.2.5.so | grep stat.h</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shows the largest files in your archives</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -tvjf backup.tar.bz2 | sort -nrk 3 | head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Start urxvt and do whatever is needed to open the screen session</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> screen -ls | grep main && urxvt -name screen -e screen -x main || urxvt -name screen -e screen -R -S main</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SSH to a machine's internet address if it is not present on your</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ping localip -c 1 -W 1 &> /dev/null && ssh localip || ssh globalip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>infile search and replace on N files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e's/foo/bar/g' file1 file2 fileN</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the files that contain a certain term</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path/to/dir -type f -exec grep \-H "search term" {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Analyse a PHP file for instantations and static calls</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -o "\(new \(\w\+\)\|\w\+::\)" file.php | sed 's/new \|:://' | sort | uniq -c | sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add a line to crontab using sed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> crontab -l | sed -e '$G;$s-$-'"$CRON_MINS $CRON_HOUR"' * * * /usr/bin/command >/dev/null 2>&1-' | crontab -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a row of 50 hyphens</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%50s\n"|tr ' ' -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>analyze traffic remotely over ssh w/ wireshark</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo ssh -Y remoteuser@remotehost sudo wireshark</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get name of first configured interface</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig | grep -B 1 "inet addr:" | head -1 | cut -d" " -f1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Empty a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> truncate foobar.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all uses of PHP constants in a set of files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $class=ExampleClass; $path=src; for constant in `grep ' const ' $class.php | awk '{print $2;}'`; do grep -r "$class::$constant" $path; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy a file over SSH without SCP</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uuencode -m <filename> <filename></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Tar - Compress by excluding folders</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -cvf /path/dir.tar /path/dir* --exclude "/path/dir/name" --exclude "/path/dir/opt"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed = <file> | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '/./=' infile | sed '/^/N; s/\n/ /'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show your locale language keyboard setting</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locale | grep LANG=</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Format a flooppy with windows compatible disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mformat -f 1440 A:</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>mount a msdos formated floppy disk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while read str; do echo "$((++i)) - $str"; done < infile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat infile | while read str; do echo "$((++i)) - $str" ; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints line numbers</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -n . datafile ;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show Network IP and Subnet</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> IP=`ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr:" | ips |cut -d ":" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 1`;SUBNET=`ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr:" | ips |cut -d ":" -f 3 | cut -d " " -f 1`;RANGE=`ipcalc $IP/$SUBNET | grep "Network:" | cut -d ' ' -f 4`;echo $RANGE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Match a URL</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "(Something like http://foo.com/blah_blah)" | awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i~/^(http|ftp):\/\//)print $i}}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files that DO NOT match a pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> printf "%s\n" !(pattern) ## ksh, or bash with shopt -s extglob</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a Windows share on the local network (Ubuntu) with user</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=/path/to/credenials //hostname/sharename /mount/point</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Simple read and write test with Iozone</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iozone -s 2g -r 64 -i 0 -i 1 -t 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kalarm 1 per minute simplest e-mail beacom for Geovision</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl http://www.spam.la/?f=sender | grep secs| awk '{print; exit}' | osd_cat -i 40 -d 30 -l 2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show a script or config file without comments</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -e '/^[[:blank:]]*#/d; s/[[:blank:]][[:blank:]]*#.*//' -e '/^$/d' -e '/^\/\/.*/d' -e '/^\/\*/d;/^ \* /d;/^ \*\//d' /a/file/with/comments</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> exec 3<>/dev/tcp/whatismyip.com/80; echo -e "GET /automation/n09230945.asp HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: whatismyip.com\r\n" >&3; a=( $(cat <&3) ); echo ${a[${#a[*]}-1]};</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>What is my ip?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias whatismyip="wget -q -O - http://whatismyip.com/automation/n09230945.asp"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a text on a position on the file and store in a variable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TIMEUNIT=$(awk '/timescale/{print NR}' a)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Useful if you need to see compiler errors while edit a code</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> CRTL + L</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get ^DJI</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getdji (){local url sedcmd;url='http://finance.yahoo.com/q?d=t&s=^DJI';sedcmd='/(DJI:.*)/,/ Day.*/!d;s/^ *//g;';sedcmd="$sedcmd/Change:/s/Down / -/;/Change:/s/Up / +/;";sedcmd="$sedcmd/Open:/s//& /";lynx -dump "$url" | sed "$sedcmd"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>What is my ip?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> w3m http://amit-agarwal.co.in/mystuff/getip_txt.php will return the ip in text format.</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>What is my ip?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> w3m miip.cl | grep ip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show current folder permission from /, useful for debugging ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN{dir=DIR?DIR:ENVIRON["PWD"];l=split(dir,parts,"/");last="";for(i= 1;i<l+1;i++){d=last"/"parts[i];gsub("//","/",d);system("ls -ld \""d"\"");last=d}}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Email if you disk is over 90%</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> HDD=$(df | awk ' NR>3 (S=$5) (M=$6) { if (S>90) print "Your Systems "M" is """S" Full" } ') ; [[ $HDD ]] && echo "$HDD" | mail -s "Hard-Drives Full" TO@EMAIL.com -- -f FROM@EMAIL.com >/dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for a TAB characters in a text file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep $'\t' file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List only the directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -F|grep /</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List open TCP/UDP ports</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ss -ltu</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shell function to diff two zip files.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unzip_diff () { dir1="/tmp/diff/$1"; dir2="/tmp/diff/$2"; mkdir -p $dir1 $dir2; unzip $1 -d $dir1>/dev/null; unzip $2 -d $dir2>/dev/null; diff -q $dir1 $dir2; rm -rf /tmp/diff ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>change newlines to spaces (or commas or whatever). Acts as a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias nl2space="perl -ne 'push @F, \$_; END { chomp @F; print join(qq{ }, @F) , qq{\n};}' "</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List dot-files and dirs, but not "." and ".."</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls .[!.]*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all text files (exclude binary files)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec file {} \; | grep ".*: .* text" | cut -f 1 -d :</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Visualizing system performance data</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vmstat 2 10 | awk 'NR > 2 {print NR, $13}' | gnuplot -e "set terminal png;set output 'v.png';plot '-' u 1:2 t 'cpu' w linespoints;"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -lantp | grep -i establ | awk -F/ '{print $2}' | uniq | sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>regex to match an ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 127.0.0.1 | egrep -e '^(([01]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-4])\.){3}([01]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0 -9]|25[0-4])$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>regex to match an ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -wlne 'print $1 if</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List debian package installed by size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wajig large</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get users process list</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -u<user></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete all but the latest 5 files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -t | awk 'NR>5 {system("rm \"" $0 "\"")}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open files of the same name in TextMate</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mate - `find . -name 'filename'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check variable has been set</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> : ${VAR:?unset variable}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>view file content with echo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "$(</etc/issue)"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for a file in PATH</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> which <filename></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for a file in PATH</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for L in `echo :$PATH | tr : '\n'`; do F=${L:-"."}/fileName; if [ -f ${F} -o -h ${F} ]; then echo ${F}; break; fi; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for a file in PATH</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function sepath { echo $PATH |tr ":" "\n" |sort -u |while read L ; do cd "$L" 2>/dev/null && find . \( ! -name . -prune \) \( -type f -o -type l \) 2>/dev/null |sed "s@^\./@@" |egrep -i "${*}" |sed "s@^@$L/@" ; done ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Hexadecimal dump of a file, pipe, or anything</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat testfile | hexdump -C</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Capitalize the word with dd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo capitalize | { dd bs=1 count=1 conv=ucase 2> /dev/null; cat ;}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make a statistic about the lines of code</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -name '*.c' -exec wc -l {} \; | awk '{sum+=$1} END {print sum}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show all upd tcp an icmp traffic but ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tcpdump -n -v tcp or udp or icmp and not port 22</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit all files found having a specific string found by grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec grep -qi 'foo' {} \; -print0 | xargs -0 vim</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit all files found having a specific string found by grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -exec grep foobar /dev/null {} \; | awk -F: '{print $1}' | xargs vi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How far is Mac OS X 10.6 from 64-bit?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> file /System/Library/Extensions/*.kext/Contents/MacOS/* |grep -i x86_64 |nl |tail -1 |cut -f1 -f3 && file /System/Library/Extensions/*.kext/Contents/MacOS/* |grep -v x86_64 |nl |tail -1 |cut -f1 -f3</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort a character string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo sortmeplease|sed 's/./&\n/g'|sort|tr -d '\n'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort a character string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo sortmeplease | awk '{l=split($1,a,"");asort(a);while(x<=l){printf "%s",a[x];x++ }print "";}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dig this</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for dnsREC in $(curl -s http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters |grep -Eo ^[A-Z\.]+\ |sed 's/TYPE//'); do echo -n "$dnsREC " && dig +short $dnsREC IANA.ORG; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print all fields in a file/output from field N to the end of the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print substr($0, index($0,$N))}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Install not signed packeges with yum</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> yum --nogpgcheck install "examplePackage"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search gpg keys from commandline</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gpg --search-keys</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check the backdoors and security.chkrootkit is a tool to locally</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chkrootkit -x | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick system hardware overview</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl http://flip-edesign.com/scripts/system_info | bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To find how Apache has been compiled from commandline</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> httpd2 -V</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the information about the Apache loaded modules from command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> httpd2 -M</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recreate all initrd files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for kern in $(grep "initrd " /boot/grub/grub.conf|grep -v ^#|cut -f 2- -d-|sed -e 's/\.img//g'); do mkinitrd -v -f /boot/initrd-$kern.img $kern; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get internal and external IP addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ips(){ for if in ${1:-$(ip link list|grep '^.: '|cut -d\ -f2|cut -d: -f1)};do cur=$(ifconfig $if|grep "inet addr"|sed 's/.*inet addr:\([0-9\.]*\).*/\1/g');printf '%-5s%-15s%-15s\n' $if $cur $(nc -s $cur sine.cluenet.org 128 2>/dev/null||echo $cur);done;}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>netstat to daemons</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -tanp | grep -i listen</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive replace of directory and file names in the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find -name '*oldname*' -print0 | xargs -0 rename 's/oldname/newname/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>AND search using grep to search for multiple strings.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep "string1.*string2.*string3" text.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open windows executable, file, or folder from cygwin terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> explorer $( cygpath "/path/to/file_or_exe" -w )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort a list of numbers on on line, separated by spaces.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $numbers | sed "s/\( \|$\)/\n/g" | sort -nu | tr "\n" " " | sed -e "s/^ *//" -e "s/ $//"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove unnecessary architecture code from Mac OS X Universal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ditto --arch i386 doubleTwist.app doubleTwist_i386.app</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using gdiff only select lines that are common between two files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gdiff --unified=10000 input.file1 inpute.file2 | egrep -v "(^\+[a-z]|^\-[a-z])"| sort > outputfile.sorted</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show display type</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ioreg -lw0 | grep IODisplayEDID | sed "/[^<]*</s///" | xxd -p -r |</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display only tcp</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -4tnape</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the full path of an already running process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> readlink -f /proc/<pid>/cmdline</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Alternative way to get the root directory size in megabytes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expr $(fdisk -s ` grep ' / ' /etc/mtab |cut -d " " -f1`) / 1024</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files recursively sorted by modified time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /home/fizz -type f -printf '%TY-%Tm-%Td %TT %p\n' | sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create variables from a list of names</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> VARNAMES='ID FORENAME LASTNAME ADDRESS CITY PHONE MOBILE MAIL' ; cat customer.csv | while read LINE ; do COUNT=1 ; for VAR in $VARNAMES ; do eval "${VAR}=`echo $LINE | /usr/bin/awk {'print $'$COUNT''}`" ; let COUNT=COUNT+1 ; done ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display portion of a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat -n FILE | grep -C3 "^[[:blank:]]\{1,5\}NUMBER[[:blank:]]"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quick and easy way of validating a date format of yyyy-mm-dd and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 2006-10-10 | grep -c '^[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]$'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Encrypted Tarballs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -cf - folder/ | gpg -c > folder.tpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clears Firefox` cache without clicking around</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm_cache() { rm -f $HOME/.mozilla/firefox/<profile>/Cache/* }; alias rmcache='rm_cache'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate padded numbers 001 002 ... 100</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 00{1..9} 0{10..99} 100</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Expand shell variables in sed scripts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> expanded_script=$(eval "echo \"$(cat ${sed_script_file})\"") && sed -e "${expanded_script}" your_input_file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Cloning hard disks over the network:</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Boot up destination machine with Knoppix live CD and run nc -l -p 9000 | dd of=/dev/sda Then on the master dd if=/dev/sda | nc <dest-ip> 9000 You can monitor bandwidth usage to see progress: nload eth0 -u M</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Bash Alias That Plays Music from SomaFM</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias somafm='read -p "Which station? "; mplayer --reallyquiet -vo none -ao sdl http://somafm.com/startstream=${REPLY}.pls'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Retrieve Plesk Admin Password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create new repo in Cobbler for CentOS 5.3 updates</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cobbler repo add --name=CentOS-5.3-i386-updates --mirror=http://mirror3.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CentOS/5.3/updates/i386/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set open firmware password command mode to require password to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/local/bin/OFPW -mode 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sets OpenFirmware pasword on a mac</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/local/bin/OFPW -pass thepassword</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Precide a bunch of files with a number in a pattern for example</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> i=10;for o in *.mp3; do i=$(printf "%02d" $i); mv $o $i$o; ((i = $i + 2)); done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove blank lines from a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -i.bak '/^[[:space:]]*$/d' file_name</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all python modules that use the math module</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.py" -exec grep -n -H -E "^(import|from) math" {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change all instances of a word in all files in the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e 's/foo/bar/g' $(grep -rl foo ./*)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change all instances of a word in all files in the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e 's/foo/bar/g' $(grep -l foo ./*)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Grab your bibtex file from CiteULike.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -o <bibliography> "http://www.citeulike.org/bibtex/user/<user>"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print the date of the unix epoch in a human readable form using</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -e 'print scalar localtime $ARGV[0],"\n" ' epoch</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Snmpwalk a hosts's entire OID tree with SNMP V2</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> snmpwalk -v2c -c <community> -m ALL <HOST_IP> .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List computers which are nearby on the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/sbin/arp -i eth0 | awk '{print $3}' | sed 1d</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the median file modification time of files in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date -d "@$(find dir -type f -printf '%C@\n' | sort -n | sed -n "$(($(find dir -type f | wc -l)/2))p")" +%F</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick alias for playing music.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias mux='clear && cd ~/Music/ && ls && echo -n "File> " && read msi && mplayer ~/Music/$msi'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Enable V4l2 Webcams</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gst-launch v4l2src</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>for loop, counting forward for backward</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in {1..15}; do echo $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display laptop battery information</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/info</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Maven Install 3rd party JAR</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mvn install:install-file -Dfile=<path-to-file> -DgroupId=<group-id> -DartifactId=<artifact-id> -Dversion=<version> -Dpackaging=<packaging> -DgeneratePom=true</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using awk to sum/count a column of numbers.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat count.txt | awk '{ sum+=$1} END {print sum}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show amigable path</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias path='echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SVN Add Recursively</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn status | grep "^\?" | awk '{print $2}' | xargs svn add</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Singularize all files in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for x in *s.yml; do mv $x `echo $x | sed 's/s\.yml/\.yml/'`; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Activate on-the-fly GTK accels</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gconftool-2 -t bool -s /desktop/gnome/interface/can_change_accels true</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run a complete update unattended on Debian based GNU/Linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Traffic stat on ethernet interface</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ethtool -S eth0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sending message to a logined user of group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> write user anytext</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show top-level subdirectories (zsh)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -ld *(/)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Toggle cdrom device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eject -T [cdrom_device]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Filtering IP address from ifconfig usefule in scripts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> IPADDR=`ifconfig eth0 | grep -i inet | awk -F: '{print $2}'| awk '{print $1}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ps -ef | grep PROCESS | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ef | grep PROCESS | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>run a command repeatedly</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> doloop() { DONT=/tmp/do-run-run-run; while true; do touch $DONT; (sleep 30; rm $DONT;) & $1 ; if [ -e $DONT ]; then echo restarting too fast; return ; fi ; done }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>quickly show me interesting data about my processes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias mine='ps xco pid,command,%cpu,%mem,state'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Random integer number between FLOOR and RANGE</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> FLOOR=0; RANGE=10; number=0; while [ "$number" -le $FLOOR ]; do number=$RANDOM; let "number %= $RANGE"; done; echo $number</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>top ten of biggest files/dirs in $PWD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -sm *|sort -rn|head -10</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Loopback mount .iso on FreeBSD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -a -t vnode -f discimg.iso` /cdrom</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively delete .svn folders</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name .svn | xargs rm -rf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Files modified today</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls *(m-1)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run a second copy of Firefox using the same profile on Mac OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (cd /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS; ./firefox-bin -p default --no-remote)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>HDD Performance Read Test</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=10gb of=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Uncompress a directory full of tarred files (*.gz)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in *.tar.gz *.tgz; do tar -zxvf $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>[WinXP] Convert FAT32 Hard Drive to NTFS without losing all data</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> CONVERT D: /FS:NTFS</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remap "New Folder" to Command+N, "New Finder Window" to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> defaults write com.apple.finder NSUserKeyEquivalents -dict 'New Finder Window' '@$N' 'New Folder' '@N'; killall Finder</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@site.com "cat - >></em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> concatenate local RSA to remote machine's authorized_keys</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ultimate current directory usage command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ncdu</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Analyze awk fields</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print NR": "$0; for(i=1;i<=NF;++i)print "\t"i": "$i}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>track flights from the command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> flight_status() { if [[ $# -eq 3 ]];then offset=$3; else offset=0; fi; curl "http://mobile.flightview.com/TrackByRoute.aspx?view=detail&al="$1"&fn= "$2"&dpdat=$(date +%Y%m%d -d ${offset}day)" 2>/dev/null |html2text |grep ":"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backup a local drive into a file on the remote host via ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/sda | ssh user@server 'dd of=sda.img'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill the terminal(window/tab) you work in [suicide]</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -9 $$</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>backup file. (for bash)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cp -p file-you-want-backup{,_`date +%Y%m%d`} # for bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Renaming jpg extension files at bunch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.jpg" | perl -ne'chomp; $name = $_; $quote = chr(39); s/[$quote\\!]/_/ ; print "mv \"$name\" \"$_\"\n"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get to the user for using system.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps awwux|awk '{print $1}'|sort|uniq</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Import an entire directory into clearcase</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ct mkelem -nc `find ./ -name "*" | xargs`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check out hijacked files in clearcase</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cleartool co -nc `cleartool ls -recurse | grep "hijacked" | sed s/\@\@.*// | xargs`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ktadd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kadmin -p admin@NOC.NBIRN.NET -q "ktadd -k /etc/krb5.keytab host/hostname"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>addprinc</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kadmin -p admin@NOC.NBIRN.NET -q "addprinc -randkey host/host"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clearcase find branch</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ct find -avobs -nxname -element 'brtype(branch_name)' -print 2>/dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert a PKCS#8 private key to PEM format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl pkcs8 -inform DER -nocrypt -in [priv key] -out [pem priv key]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>list all file-types (case-insensitive extensions) including</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find /path/to/dir -type f |sed 's/^.*\///'|grep -o '\.[^.]*$'|sort -f|uniq -i</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>creates a bash function to remove certain lines from SSH</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function sshdel { perl -i -n -e "print unless (\$. == $1)" ~/.ssh/known_hosts; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check if file is greater than 20 bytes, such as an empty gzip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> BACKUP_FILE_SIZE=`eval ls -l ${BACKUP_FILE} | awk {'print $5'}`; if [</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Press Any Key to Continue</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> read enterKey</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>oneliner to open several times same application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(seq 5); do xpenguins & done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View entire process string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/ucb/ps -auxgww</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>oneliner to open several times same application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> i="0"; while [ $i -lt 5 ] ; do xpenguins & i=$[$i+1] ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>wget ? server to server files transfer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -H -r ?level=1 -k -p http://www.domain.com/folder/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copy partition table from /dev/sda to /dev/sdb</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sfdisk /dev/sdb <(sfdisk -d /dev/sda| perl -pi -e 's/sda/sdb/g')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open a RemoteDesktop from terminal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rdesktop -a 16 luigi:3052</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Save VM running as headless</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> VBoxManage controlvm ServidorProducao savestate</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Running VirtualBox as headless</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nohup VBoxHeadless -p 3052 -startvm ServidorProducao &</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ruby - nslookup against a list of IP`s or FQDN`s</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ruby -e 'File.foreach("list") {|i| print `nslookup #{i}`}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Killing multiplpe process for one program like apache, wget,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps ax| awk '/[h]ttpd/{print $1}'| xargs kill -9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Killing multiplpe process for one program like apache, wget,</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps aux| grep -v grep| grep httpd| awk {'print $2'}| xargs kill -9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig -a|grep Bcast:|cut -d\: -f2|awk '{print $1}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig | awk '/inet /{sub(/^[^:]+:/,"",$2); print $2}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /usr/sbin/ifconfig -a|awk -F" " 'NR==4{print $2}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for a pattern (regex) in all text files (ignoring binary</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> egrep -i "somepattern" `find . -type f -print`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mail text file (/tmp/scream-dump) contents from linux box with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mail -s scream-dump user@example.com < /tmp/scream-dump</pre>
<p>
<strong><em <a href="http://xname.<a" <a href="http://xname.<a</a>">http://xname.<a</a></a> href="cc/text/video-streaming-on-wan.pdf"><em><code>cc/text/video-streaming-on-wan.pdf</code></em></a> (encode.sh)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ./encode.sh [ h264 | xvid | theora | mpeg4 ]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' < /dev/urandom | fold -w 10 | sed 1q</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>getting your current ip on your e-mail</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mail -s "`curl -s whatismyip.org`" youremail@yourserver.com <</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sorted list of established destination connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat | grep EST | awk '{print $5}' | sort</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find in all files in the current directory, just a find shorthand</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./ -name $1 -exec grep -H -n $2 '{}' ';'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all symbolic links in current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -F | sed -n 's/@$//p'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a Windows share on the local network (Ubuntu)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mount -t cifs //$ip_or_host/$sharename /mnt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Checks apache's access_log file, strips the search queries and</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /var/log/httpd/access_log | grep q= | awk '{print $11}' | awk -F 'q=' '{print $2}' | sed 's/+/ /g;s/%22/"/g;s/q=//' | cut -d "&" -f 1 | mail youremail@isp.com -s "[your-site] search strings for `date`"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove files and directories with acces time older than a given</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find <dir> -printf '%p : %A@\n' | awk '{FS=" : " ; if($2 < <time in epoc> ) print $1 ;}' | xargs rm --verbose -fr ;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove an unnecessary suffix from a file name for all files in a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for f in $(ls *.xml.skippy); do mv $f `echo $f | sed 's|.skippy||'`; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Write and run a quick C program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias cstdin='echo "Ctrl-D when done." && gcc -Wall -o ~/.stdin.exe ~/.stdin.c && ~/.stdin.exe'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pipe ls output into less</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function lsless() { ls "$@" | less; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find all dot files and directories</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -a | egrep "^\.\w"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files in tarballs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for F in $(find ./ -name "*.tgz") ; do tar -tvzf $F ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash / vim workflow</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zsh$ M-v</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files in tarballs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find <path> -name "*.tgz" -or -name "*.tar.gz" | while read file; do echo "$file: "; tar -tzf $file; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Count emails in an MBOX file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -c '^From ' mbox_file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Press Any Key to Continue</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -n "Press any key to continue..." && read</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>umount all nfs mounts on machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount | awk '/:/ { print $3 } ' | xargs sudo umount</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get ethX mac addresses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo ifconfig -a | grep eth | grep HW | cut -d' ' -f11</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address with the best commandlinefu.com</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eval $(curl -s http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/matching/external/ZXh0ZXJuYWw=/so rt-by-votes/plaintext|sed -n '/^# Get your external IP address$/{n;p;q}')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Go up multiple levels of directories quickly and easily.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias ..="cd .." ...="cd ../.." ....="cd ../../.."</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get a text on a position on the file and store in a variable with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TIMEUNIT=$( cat a | grep -n "timescale" | awk -F ":" '{ print $1 } ' )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Useful if you need to see compiler errors while edit a code</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias clear='( for ((i=1;i<$LINES;i++)) ; do echo "" ; done ) ; clear'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount an external FAT32 USB HDD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Forward connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOST</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tail, with specific pattern colored</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -f file | egrep --color=always $\|PATTERN</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Compress files and delete the uncompressed ones</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `ls`; do tar cvjf $i.tar.bz2 $i && rm -r $i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs a 10-digit random number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> n=$RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM; let "n %= 10000000000"; echo $n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Simple Find</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / -name FILENAME</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print crontab entries for all the users that actually have a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for USER in `ls /var/spool/cron`; do echo "=== crontab for $USER ==="; echo $USER; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Transforms a file to all uppercase.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e 's/([[:lower:]]+)/uc $1/gsex' file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Laminate a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{print(substr($0,1,5))}' file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all members from one AD group and put them in another AD group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for /F "DELIMS=""" %i in ('dsquery group -name SourceGroupName ^| dsget group -members') do dsquery group -name TargetGroupName | dsmod group -addmbr %i</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove blank lines from a file and save output to new file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed '/^$/d' file >newfile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>regex to match an ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "123.32.12.134" | grep -P '([01]?\d\d?|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d?|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d \d?|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([01]?\d\d?|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Checks your unread Gmail from the command line (or use imap etc)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u username --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if /<name>/; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/\1>/;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search through files, ignoring .svn</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ack -ai 'searchterm'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xdg-open .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> gnome-open .</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show directories in the PATH, one per line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo src::${PATH} | awk 'BEGIN{pwd=ENVIRON["PWD"];RS=":";FS="\n"}!$1{$1=pwd}$1!~/^\//{$1=pwd"/" $1}{print $1}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash function to check for something every 5 seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n <seconds> <command></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sort a character string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo sortmeplease | grep -o . | sort | tr -d '\n'; echo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>free swap</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> free -m | awk '/Swap/ {print $4}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) is a Unix-based tool that scans for</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rkhunter --check</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Securely edit the sudo file over the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> visudo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Securely look at the group file over the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vigr</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Securely seeing the password file over the network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vipw</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dos2unix recursively</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec dos2unix {} +</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the information about the internet usage from the commandline.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vnstat</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find dis1k space</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -s `find . -maxdepth 1 \! -name '.'` | sort -n | tail</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print man pages to PDF (yes, another one)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> man -t [command] | lp -d PDF -t [command].pdf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the average QTime for all queries ran within the last hour</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /service/solr/log/main/current | tai64nlocal | grep "\(`date '+%F %H'`\|`date '+%F %H %M' | awk '{print $1" 0"$2-1":"$3}'`\)" | grep QTime | awk '{print $NF}' | awk -F\= '{ s += $2} END {print s/NR}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Echo the local IP addresses of the machines on your local network</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in 192.168.1.{61..71};do ping -c 1 $i &> /dev/null && echo $i;fi;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>YES = NO</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> yes | tr 'y' 'n'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Update iptables firewall with a temp ruleset</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Emulate sleep in DOS/BAT</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo sleep() begins: %TIME% && FOR /l %a IN (10,-1,1) do (ECHO 1 >NUL %as&ping -n 2 -w 1 127.0.0.1>NUL) && echo sleep() end: %TIME%</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove CR from Windows- / DOS-textfiles</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr -d '\r' < ${input_txt} > ${output_txt}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Emptying a text file in one shot</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ggdG</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>CPU model</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Multiple Timed Execution of subshells sleeping in the background</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> S=$SSH_TTY && (sleep 3 && echo -n 'Peace... '>$S & ) && (sleep 5 && echo -n 'Love... '>$S & ) && (sleep 7 && echo 'and Intergalactic Happiness!'>$S & )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>parses the BIOS memory and prints information about all structures</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> biosdecode</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>x86info</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> x86info</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Lists the size of certain file in every 10 seconds</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true ; do du -sk testfile ; sleep 10 ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Turn Regular quotes ("") into curly quotes (??)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> smartypants | php -r "echo mb_decode_numericentity(file_get_contents('php://stdin'),array(0x0000,0 xFFFF,0x0000,0xFFFF),'UTF-8');"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List path of binaries</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $PATH|awk -F: ' { for (i=1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> html2text http://checkip.dyndns.org | grep -i 'Current IP Address:'|cut -d' ' -f4</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find . -name "*.gz" | xargs -n 1 -I {} bash -c "gunzip -c {} |</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Rezip a bunch of files</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ssh autocomplete</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> complete -W "$(echo `cat .bash_history | egrep '^ssh ' | sort | uniq | sed 's/^ssh //'`;)" ssh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get all IPs via ifconfig</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig | grep "inet addr" | cut -d: -f2 | cut -d' ' -f1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read just the IP address of a device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" | sed -e 's/.*inet addr:\(.*\) B.*/\1/g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read just the IP address of a device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig $DEVICE | perl -lne '/inet addr:([\d.]+)/ and print $1'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Command for getting the list of files with perms, owners, groups</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find / | xargs ls -l | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 1,3,4,9</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>count how many times a string appears in a (source code) tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -rc logged_in app/ | cut -d : -f 2 | awk '{sum+=$1} END {print sum}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kill some process (same as others) but parsing to a variable</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tokill=`ps -fea|grep process|awk '{ printf $2" "}'`; kill -9 $tokill;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Move files around local filesystem with tar without wasting space</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -C <source> -cf - . | tar -C <destination> -xf -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find a word in multiple files avoiding svn</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -r 'keyword keyword2' your/path/ | grep -v svn</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display which distro is installed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> test `uname` = Linux && lsb_release -a || ( test `uname` = SunOS && cat /etc/release || uname -rms )</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Alternative size (human readable) of directories (biggest last)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function duf { du -sk "$@" | sort -n | while read size fname; do for unit in k M G T P E Z Y; do if [ $size -lt 1024 ]; then echo -e "${size}${unit}\t${fname}"; break; fi; size=$((size/1024)); done; done; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use FileMerge to compare two files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> opendiff <file1> <file2></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>tar per directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd <YOUR_DIRECTORY>; for i in `ls ./`; do tar czvf "$i".tar.gz "$i" ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for groups in ldap</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ldapsearch -H ldap://localhost:389 -D cn=username,ou=users,dc=domain -x -W -b ou=groups,dc=domain '(member=cn=username,ou=users,dc=domain)' | grep ^dn | sed "s/dn\: cn=\([^,]*\),ou=\([^,]*\),.*/\2 \1/"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mac, ip, and hostname change - sweet!</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig eth0 down hw ether (newmacaddresshere) && ifconfig eth0 up && ifconfig eth0 (newipaddresshere) netmask 255.255.255.0 up && /bin/hostname (newhostnamehere)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Uncompress a CSS file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat somefile.css | awk '{gsub(/{|}|;/,"&\n"); print}' >> uncompressed.css</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print random commandlinefu.com submission</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lynx -source http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/random | sed 's/<[^>]*>//g' | head -1037 | tail -10 | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//' | sed '/^$/d' | head -2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a CD-ROM on Solaris (SPARC)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkdir -p /cdrom/unnamed_cdrom ; mount -F hsfs -o ro `ls -al /dev/sr* |awk '{print "/dev/" $11}'` /cdrom/unnamed_cdrom</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill an orphan console</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> skill -KILL -t ttyS0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run Remote GUI Programs Using SSH Forwarding</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh -C -X user@remotehost gui_command</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Scan for viruses</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> clamscan -ir --bell ~user/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Tomorrow's Date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> TOM=`perl -w -e '@tom=localtime(time+86400);printf "%d%.2d%.2d",$tom[5]+1900,$tom[4]+1,$tom[3];'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get Yesterday's Date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> YEST=`perl -w -e '@yest=localtime(time-86400);printf "%d%.2d%.2d",$yest[5]+1900,$yest[4]+1,$yest[3];'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool using Zpool</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zpool create tank mirror c0t0d0 c0t1d0 mirror c0t2d0 c0t3d0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zpool create tank raidz c0t0d0 c0t1d0 c0t2d0 c0t3d0 c0t4d0 c0t5d0</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove all .svn folders inside a folder</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "\.svn" -exec rm -rf {} ";"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Do an OR search using grep to look for more than one search term</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -i '<searchTerm>\|<someOtherSearchTerm>' <someFileName></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>IP address of current host</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hostname -i</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the svn directory that a commit was made in. Usefull if you</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "12345,12346" |sed -e's/ //'|tr "," "\n"| while read line; do echo -n $line" "; svn log -vr $line https://url/to/svn/repository/|grep "/"|head -1|cut -d"/" -f2; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Append output to the beginning of a file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> command > tmp && cat logfile.txt >> tmp && tmp > logfile.txt && rm tmp</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>gzip vs bzip2 at compressing random strings?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> < /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9_ | head -c $((1024 * 1024)) | tee >(gzip -c > out.gz) >(bzip2 -c > out.bz) > /dev/null</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show live HTTP requests being made on OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo tcpdump -i en1 -n -s 0 -w - | grep -a -o -E "Host\: .*|GET \/.*"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display all installed ISO/IEC 8859 manpages</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(seq 1 11) 13 14 15 16; do man iso-8859-$i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List SMTP connections by host</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /var/log/secure | grep smtp | awk '{print $9}' | cut -f2 -d= | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Not so simple countdown from a given date</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -tn1 'bc<<<"`date -d'\''friday 21:00'\'' +%s`-`date +%s`"|perl -ne'\''@p=gmtime($_);printf("%dd %02d:%02d:%02d\n",@p[7,2,1,0]);'\'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get own public IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO- whatismyip.org</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add some color to ls file and folder listings</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> eval "`dircolors -b`"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly make schema changes in Django</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true ; do scripts/bootstrap.py ; ./manage.py runserver ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert files with CR-terminated lines (as created by Mac OS X</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function crtonl { perl -i -ape 's/\r/\n/g;' $* ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files modified in the last 5 days, no more than 2 levels</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -depth -3 -mtime -5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>easy regex based mass renaming</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /some/directory | sed -rn -e 's/inpattern/mv -v & outpattern/p' | sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Shows your WAN IP, when you`re sitting behind a router</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias myip='curl -s www.wieistmeineip.de | egrep -o "[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}"'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kills all processes for a certain program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -9 $(pidof process)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>startx output to log file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> startx > startx.log 2>&1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy files from one dir to another using tar.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar cf - . | (cd /new/dir; tar xvf -)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>read a column of a file with table like data</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo 1 2 3 > FILE; while read -a line; do echo ${line[2]}; done < FILE</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursively deletes folders named DIR </em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d -name DIR -exec rm -r {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove file named 1 after fat fingeriing :w! in vi</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> :rm 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generic date format</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date --iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Query for installed packages on RHEL boxes, and format the output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rpm -qa --queryformat 'Installed on %{INSTALLTIME:date}\t%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}: %{SUMMARY}\n'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Say the current time (Mac OS X)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> date "+The time is %H:%M" | say</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show "Max" settings for PHP</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> php -i|grep -i max</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>determine if CPU is 32-bit or 64-bit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep lm /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>More precise BASH debugging</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> env PS4=' ${BASH_SOURCE}:${LINENO}(${FUNCNAME[0]}) ' sh -x /etc/profile</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>is today the end of the month?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [ `date --date='next day' +'%B'` == `date +'%B'` ] || echo 'end of month'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a directory and change into it at the same time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> md () { mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$@"; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show Directories in the PATH Which does NOT Exist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (IFS=:;for p in $PATH; do test -d $p || echo $p; done)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Testing hard disk reading speed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> hdparm -t /dev/sda</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Identify differences between directories (possibly on different</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> diff <(ssh server01 'cd config; find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \;| sort -k 2') <(ssh server02 'cd config;find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \;| sort -k 2')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print text string vertically, one character per line.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "vertical text" | grep -o '.'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show directories in the PATH, one per line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $PATH | tr \: \\n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>display an embeded help message from bash script header</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [ "$1" == "--help" ] && { sed -n -e '/^# Usage:/,/^$/ s/^# \?//p' < $0; exit; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Send data securly over the net.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /etc/passwd | openssl aes-256-cbc -a -e -pass pass:password | netcat -l -p 8080</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Replace spaces in filenames with underscorees</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rename -v 's/ /_/g' *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash: hotkey to put current commandline to text-editor</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bash-hotkey: <CTRL+x+e></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>move a lot of files over ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -cf - /home/user/test | gzip -c | ssh user@sshServer 'cd /tmp; tar xfz -'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>print file without duplicated lines using awk</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '!a[$0]++' file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Cleanup firefox's database.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pgrep -u `id -u` firefox-bin || find ~/.mozilla/firefox -name '*.sqlite'|(while read -e f; do echo 'vacuum;'|sqlite3 "$f" ; done)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>vim easter egg</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> $ vim ... :help 42</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Change proccess affinity.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> taskset -cp <core> <pid></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download file with multiple simultaneous connections</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aria2c -s 4 http://my/url</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>A fun thing to do with ram is actually open it up and take a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo strings /dev/mem</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pick a random line from a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shuf -n1 file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Use xdg-open to avoid hard coding browser commands</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xdg-open http://gmail.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search commandlinefu from the CLI</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -sd q=Network http://www.commandlinefu.com/search/autocomplete |html2text -width 100</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>pipe output of a command to your clipboard</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> some command|xsel --clipboard</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Using bash inline "here document" with three less-than symbols on</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> <<<"k=1024; m=k*k; g=k*m; g" bc</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Colored SVN diff</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn diff <file> | vim -R -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>show open ports on computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -an | grep -i listen</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Checking total connections to each Ip inserver</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netstat -alpn | grep :80 | awk '{print $4}' |awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}' |sort | uniq -c | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Convert images (foo.gif => foo.jpg)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in **/*.gif; convert $i $i:r.jpg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Updating twitter with from curl</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl -u userid:password -d status="New Twitter Message" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Inserting a decimal every third digit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -lpe'1 while s/^([-+]?\d+)(\d{3})/$1.$2/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Forget fortunes in your terminal this grabs a random</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - snubster.com|sed -n '65p'|awk 'gsub(/<span><br>.*/,"")&&1'|perl -p -e 's:myScroller1.addItem\("<span class=atHeaderOrange>::g;s:</span> <span class=snubFontSmall>::g;s:":":g;s:^:\n:g;s:$:\n:'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Double Compile system and world on gentoo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> emerge -e system && emerge -e system && emerge -e world && emerge -e world</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Finding hostname and the IP Address of your machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> host `hostname`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Force log creation when running an msi install</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> msiexec.exe /i product.msi /l* c:\folder\LogFileName.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute a command if a file exists</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -sq "" /etc/lsb-release && lsb_release -rd</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>strip ^M character from files in VI</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> :%s/<control-VM>//g</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Cleanly quit KDE4 apps</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kquitapp plasma</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove files/directory with spaces.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find -name "*.exe" -printf "\"%p\"\n" | xargs /bin/rm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Calculates fake folder checksum based on folder's files' md5sums</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find path/to/folder/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n 1 md5sum | awk '{print $1}' | sort | md5sum | awk '{print $1}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>use perl instead of sed</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "sed -e"|perl -pe 's/sed -e/perl -pe/'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Contextual Menu Cleanup (OSX)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks /LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/Support/lsregister -kill -r -domain local -domain system -domain user</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs current folder svn revision</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> LC_ALL=C svn info | grep Revision | awk '{print $2}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Current directory files and subdirectories ordered by size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -ks * | sort -n</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print the current battery status</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> acpi | cut -d '%' -f1 | cut -d ',' -f2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Mount a windows partition in a dual boot linux</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount -o auto -t ntfs /dev/hda1 /windows</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Unmount locked filesystems.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> umount -l /media/foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Extract .daa files with PowerISO</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ./poweriso extract $USER/file.daa / -od $USER/file_extracted</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Takes a multi line df or bdf and turns it into just one line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bdf | awk '(NF<5){f=$1; next} (NF>5){f=$1} {print f, $2, $3, $NF}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Launch an Explorer window with a file selected</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> explorer /select,[file]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Broadcast message to all logged in terminal users.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat welcome | wall</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>To retrieve a normal prompt</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> PS1='$PWD$ '</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kill all processes of a program</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -9 $(pidof *program*)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open the Windows Explorer from the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> explorer /e,.</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Save the network interface info into a text file, so that you can</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> netsh interface ip dump > current-interfaces.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>how to like to know if a host is ON</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for ip in $(seq 1 25); do ping -c 1 192.168.0.$ip>/dev/null; [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "192.168.0.$ip UP" || : ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>edit files in current and subdir, remove all lines that containing</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -r "sampleString" . |uniq | cut -d: -f1 | xargs sed -i "/sampleString/d"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get line#1000 from text.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -1000 < lines.txt | tail -1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>watch filesizes (c.f. logfiles, file downloading, etc.)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while [ 1 ]; do date; ls -l /path/to/dir; sleep 1; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fast searh Ubntu software repo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias acs='apt-cache search'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>color grep with specification of colors with GREP_COLOR env</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> setenv GREP_COLOR '1;37;41'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>reset the bizzarre gone junk terminal to normal</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "Xc" | tr "Xo" "\033\017</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>example usage of sar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sar -g 5 5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>umount all nfs mounts on machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mount | grep : | tr -s ' ' -d 3 | xargs umount -v</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display a list of upgradeable packages (apt)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> apt-show-versions -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>GUID generator</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> guid(){ lynx -nonumbers -dump http://www.famkruithof.net/uuid/uuidgen | grep "\w\{8\}-" | tr -d ' '; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>search for the content in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -exec grep "test" '{}' /dev/null \; -print</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the size of every directories and files in a path recursively</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(ls /the/path); do du -hs /the/path/$i; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>shows the space of a folder in bytes ever two seconds.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch "df | grep /this/folder/"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ring the system bell after finishing a long script/compile</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> myLongScript && echo -e '\a' || (echo -e '\a'; sleep 1; echo -e '\a')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print only the even lines of a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '{if (NR % 2 == 0) print $0}' file.txt</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>kill all processes with name or argument</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pkill -f foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find and kill a pid for APP</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -ef | grep APP | awk '/grep/!{print$2}' | xargs -i kill {}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search for a running process through grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -e | grep SearchStringHere</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print a row of 50 hyphens</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ALT-50 -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>generate random password</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> openssl rand -base64 1000 | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]" | tr -cd "[:alnum:]" | tr -d "lo" | cut -c 1-8 | pbcopy</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>oneliner to open several times same application</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for ((i=0;i<5;i++)) ; do xpenguins & done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Set Permission to user and group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chown -R webuser:webgroup /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/httpdocs</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your public ip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -qO - http://cfaj.freeshell.org/ipaddr.cgi</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show the meta information on a package (dependency , statuts ..)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aptitude show packages_name</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Return IP Address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk '/inet end/ {print $3}' <(ifconfig eth0)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Show local IP</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet:" | cut -d ":" -f2 | cut -d " " -f1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Fill up disk space (for testing)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=/fs/to/fill/dummy00 bs=8192 count=$(df --block-size=8192 / | awk 'NR!=1 {print $4-100}')</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files that DO NOT match a pattern</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls *[^p][^a][^t]* ; # or shopt -s extglob; ls !(*pattern*)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all symbolic links in current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -l `ls -l |awk '/^l/ {print $8}'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Random password generating function</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mkpasswd() { head -c $(($1)) /dev/urandom | uuencode - | sed -n 's/.//;2s/\(.\{'$1'\}\).*/\1/p' ;}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Compress and Backup a disk image</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/<device location> | gzip -c /<path to backup location>/<disk image name>.img.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bash / vim workflow</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vim -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete everything on hda</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda bs=16M</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove lines that contain a specific pattern($1) from file($2).</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function rmatch { echo "$(grep -v "$1" "$2")">"$2";}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -q -O - checkip.dyndns.org|sed -e 's/.*Current IP Address: //' -e 's/<.*$//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> curl whatismyip.org</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get your external IP address</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -e "GET /automation/n09230945.asp HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: whatismyip.com\r\n" | nc whatismyip.com 80 | tail -n1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Clear your history saved into .bash_history file!</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "" > .bash_history</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove the last of all html files in a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> a=($(ls *html)) && a=${a[$(expr ${#a[@]} - 1)]} && rm $a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Checking DNS zone on Name servers directly</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> host <domain> <nameserver name></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>convert .rpm to .deb using alien</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo alien --to-deb Your_PackAge.rpm</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create Bootable USB from ISO file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xcopy D:\*.* /s/e/f E:\</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>floating point operations in shell scripts</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo $((3.0/5.0))</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ultimate current directory usage command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> O=$IFS;IFS=$'\n'; D=$(for f in *;do [[ -d $f ]] && du -sh "$f";done |</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Ultimate current directory usage command</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -shF --color</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Seach google from the command line in Unofficial google shell</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> http://goosh.org</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>This command will tell the last login and reboot related</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> last</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How to run a specific command in remote server by ssh</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ssh user@remotehost [anycommand](i.e uptime,w)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>securely locate file and dir</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> slocate filename/dirname</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get debian version number</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lsb_release -a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>System load information alongside process information in a similar</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> atop</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>detect the Super I/O chip on your computer, tell you at which</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> superiotool</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get basic information out of your computer</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> lspci</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Output all Files in Directory w/ Details to Filelist</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -laR > /path/to/filelist</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Testing php configuration</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /srv/www/htdocs/test.php</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Install NMAP 5.0 ,Short and sweet command to do it</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo wget -c "http://nmap.org/dist/nmap-5.00.tar.bz2" && bzip2 -cd nmap-5.00.tar.bz2 | tar xvf - && cd nmap-5.00 && ./configure && make && sudo make install</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pick a random line from a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> shuf file.txt | head -n 1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Pick a random line from a file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> head -$(($RANDOM % $(wc -l < file.txt) +1 )) file.txt | tail -1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read just the IP address of a device</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ip addr|grep "inet "</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>create tar.gz archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -pczf archive_name.tar.gz /path/to/dir/or/file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>let w3m usecookie</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias w3m='w3m -cookie'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Move files around local filesystem with tar without wasting space</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -C <source_dir> -cf . | tar -C <dest_dir> -xf -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Outputs size of /example/folder in human readable format.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -hs /example/folder/</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove all files previously extracted from a tar(.gz) file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $(tar -tf <file.tar.gz>); do rm $i; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly assess quality of project by greping the SVN commit logs</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> svn log | grep "bodge\|fudge\|hack\|dirty"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search and replace in multiple files and save them with the same</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for files in $(ls -A directory_name); do sed 's/search/replaced/g' $files > $files.new && mv $files.new $files; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove unneeded configuration files in debian</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg-query -l| grep -v "ii " | grep "rc " | awk '{print $2" "}' | tr -d "\n" | xargs aptitude purge -y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Remove packages by pattern on debian and based systems</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo apt-get remove --purge `dpkg -l | awk '{print $2}' | grep gnome` && apt-get autoremove</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check cobbler environment</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cobbler check</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>How many Non-free software is on your machine ?</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vrms</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Randomize the order of lines in a text file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> awk 'BEGIN {srand()} {print int(rand()*1000000) "\t" $0}' FILE | sort -n | cut -f 2-</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find 'foo' in located files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> locate searchstring | xargs grep foo</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Join lines</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -e "aa\nbb\ncc\ndd\n123" | sed -e :a -e "/$/N; s/\n/;/; ta"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>remove exact phrase from multiple files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -r "mystring" . |uniq | cut -d: -f1 | xargs sed -i "s/mystring//"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quickly backup your current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias backup_dir='mkdir -p .backup && cp * .backup'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print out "string" between "match1" and "match2"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo "string" | sed -e 's/.*match1//' -e 's/match2.*$//'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Look for a string in one of your codes, excluding the files with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec grep StringToFind \{\} --with-filename \;|sed -e '/svn/d'|sed -e '/~/d'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy files over network using compression</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> on the listening side: sudo nc -lp 2022 | sudo tar -xvf - and on the sending side: tar -cvzf - ./*| nc -w 3 name_of_listening_host 2022</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>bind a web server in $PWD</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> python -c "import SimpleHTTPServer;SimpleHTTPServer.test()"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>recursively delete .svn folders from a directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm -rf `find . -type d -name .svn`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Binary editor</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> bvi [binary-file]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find a class or file within a number of jar files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in `find . | grep jar$`; do echo $i; jar tvf $i | grep 'search-string'; done;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive file content search</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name *.php | xargs grep -i -n 'TERM'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>extract a certain number of lines from a file and dump them to</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep '' -m X file1 > file2</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read a gzipped text file directly with less.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> less textfile.gz</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Removes Apple "garbage"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name *DS_Store -exec echo rm {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rcs - local backup of any text configuration file before</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ci -l /etc/rc.conf</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate MD5 hash for a string</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> echo -n "string" | md5sum -</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Listen to the OS X system's voices</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for person in Alex Bruce Fred Kathy Vicki Victoria ; do say -v $person "Hello, my name is $person"; sleep 1; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Move a file up a directory.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mv file_name.extension ..</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Basic Local Port Scan</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> [command too long]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Read Nth column (e.g. 2nd column) of a row of data in a file that</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep 'HOME.*' data.txt | awk '{print $2}' | awk '{FS="/"}{print $NF}' OR USE ALTERNATE WAY awk '/HOME/ {print $2}' data.txt | awk -F'/' '{print $NF}'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get top 10 largest directories under cwd</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du | sort -n | tail -11 | head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Download a complete podcast</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> wget -c -v -S -T 100 --tries=0 `curl -s http://ms1.espectador.com/ podcast/espectador/la_venganza_sera_terrible.xml | grep -v xml | grep link | sed 's/]*>//g'`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Edit a file using vi or vim in read-only mode</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> vi -R filename</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creates a minimalist xorg.conf</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete tens of thousans of files at one go</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm -rf `ls | head -5000`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>stores the number of lines of "file" in a variable to use in a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> count=`wc -l file | cut -d ' ' -f1`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run the previous command with sudo</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo !!</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>uppercase</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tr [a-z] [A-Z]</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>sets volume via command line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> amixer -c 0 set PCM 2dB+</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>ctrl -k and ctrl -y for cut and paste</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ctrl k , ctrl y</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>xxcopy everything from one Windows box to another</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xxcopy x:\folder1 y:\folder2 /s /h /tca /tcc /tcw /yy</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick scrape of recent mobile home dir file sync for Mac Admins -</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -n 20 ~/Library/Logs/FileSyncAgent.log</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Generate load on your CPU</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do /bin/true; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>LSD: List directory files in current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -l !* | /usr/bin/grep '^d'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>rm all files you grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . | grep deleteme | while read line; do rm $line; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>prints long line</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sed -n '/^.\{10\}/p'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View your machine firewall settings</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> iptables -L -n -v</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Directly change directory without having to specify drive letter</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /d d:\Windows</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>backup the old files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tar -zcps <dir> -X <(find <dir> -type f -mtime -<days>) |ssh user@backuphost tar -xzpsC /data/bkup</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Run ADSL connection</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pon dsl-provider</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stage added, updated, and DELETED files for commit</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> git add -u</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Display directory hierarchy listing as a tree</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -R | grep : | sed -e '\''s/:$//'\'' -e '\''s/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g'\'' -e '\''s/^/ /'\'' -e '\''s/-/|/'\''</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>set fan speed (ATI cards)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> aticonfig --pplib-cmd "set fanspeed 0 <number>"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find files containing "text"</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> grep -lir "text to find" *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Execute AccuRev pop command to retrieve missing files from a</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> accurev stat -M -fl | awk '{print "\"" $0 "\""}' | xargs accurev pop</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Place a filename at the beginning of the line to make it easier</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> Place a filename at the beginning of the line to make it easier to edit the search at the end of the command.</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>UNIX one-liner to kill a hanging Firefox process</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill -HUP ` ps -aef | grep -i firefox | sort -k 2 -r | sed 1d | awk ' { print $2 } ' `</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Backup the first 1MB of your volume</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/sdX of=/root/sdX.bin bs=1M count=1</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive chmod all files and directories within the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> chmod -R 777 *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the size (in human readable form) of all sub folders from the</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls | xargs du -sh</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>copying files using sed to rename based on regular expression</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls "*.mp3" | awk '{print("cp "$1" /folder/"$1)}' | sed -e 's/foo/bar/' | /bin/bash</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Get the 10 biggest files/folders for the current direcotry</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -1rSA | tail</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Add a directory with a name to /etc/passwd to get quick access</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> function qcd { useradd -No -s /bin/false -u 999 -g 999 -lf -1 -d $1 $2 ; }</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor Applications application that are connected/new</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> while true; do netstat -p |grep "tcp"|grep --color=always "/[a-z]*";sleep 1;done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Duplicate a directory tree using tar and pipes</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> (cd /source/dir ; tar cvf - .)|(cd /dest/dir ; tar xvpf -)</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>unzip all .zip files in /example/directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cd /example/directory && unzip \*.zip</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search through files, ignoring .svn (less accurate/slower but</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . ! -path \*.svn\*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Quick findstring recursively in dirs (Alias from long find with</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias findstring="find . -type f -print | xargs grep $1"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Kill a daemon by name, not by PID</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> kill_daemon() { echo "Daemon?"; read dm; kill -15 $(netstat -atulpe | grep $dm | cut -d '/' -f1 | awk '{print $9}') }; alias kd='kill_daemon</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Delete all files more t han 7 days old</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm -rf `find -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -mtime +7`</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Skipping tests in Maven</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true install</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Creating a Maven project</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=my.work -DartifactId=MyProject</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Rename files that have number, space and hyphen</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for f in * ; do mv -- "$f" "${f/[0-9][0-9] \- /}" ; done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>zip all files in a directory, one file per zip</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> for i in $( find . ); do echo zipping file: $i zip $i.zip $i done</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Chmod directories to add executable & read permission to the group</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo chmod -R g=u-w,g+X *</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Print the ten largest files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -Sl * | head</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>[re]verify a disc with very friendly output</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd if=/dev/cdrom | pv -s 700m | md5sum | tee test.md5</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Traceroute w/TCP to get through firewalls.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tcptraceroute www.google.com</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List only hidden files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -ad .*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all executable files in the current directory</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls -F | grep '\''\*'\'' | sed '\''s/\*$//'\</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Copy directories and files just like</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xcopy /e/h/y /z/i /k /f src dest</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get size of dir or file</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> du -h</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>View new log messages in real time</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> tail -f /var/log/messages</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>test connection if ICMP is disabled</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> telnet <ip> <port></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Always run apt-get as root</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias apt-get='sudo apt-get'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Open a list of files in VIM using separate terminal windows</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -name "*.java" -exec gnome-terminal \-x vim {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>find all processes named hunger and force kill, minus the grep</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ps -auwx|egrep hunger|grep -v grep| awk '{print "kill -9",$1}' > ~/fu.bar</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Search gzipped files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> zcat /usr/share/man/man1/grep.1.gz | grep "color"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive chmod all files and directories within the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -print -exec chmod 777 {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Recursive chmod all files and directories within the current</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find | xargs chmod 777</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Check reverse DNS</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nslookup {ip}</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List the size (in human readable form) of all sub folders from</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name . -exec du -sh {} +</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>SELinux Status</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> getenforce</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Sneaky logout</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> rm ~/.bash_history; ln -s /dev/null ~/.bash_history</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>get kernel version</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> uname -a</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>"Reset" directories permissions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Wordpress - download latest, extract, and rename config file.</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> alias wordpress='mkdir wordpress && cd wordpress && wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz && tar -xvzf latest.tar.gz && mv wordpress/* . && rm -rf latest.tar.gz wordpress && cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>"Reset" file permissions</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find . -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} \;</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Equivalent of alias in cmd.exe: doskey (macros)</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> doskey l=dir /OD $*</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Altera texto dentro dos arquivos retornados pelo comando 'find'</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> find ./wp-content/themes/rotce2009/ -name '*.php' -type f | xargs sed -i 's/<? /<?php /g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Telnet to Free Internet Chess Server</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> telnet fics.freechess.org 5000</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List files contained within a zip archive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> unzip -l <filename></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>List all file and directory on user's home with details</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> ls /home/user | xargs ls -lhR | less</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Make an iso file out of your entire hard drive</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> cat /dev/hda > ~/hda.iso</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Monitor a file's size</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> watch -n60 du /var/log/messages</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>FAST and NICE Search and Replace for Strings in Files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> nice -n19 sh -c 'S=askapache && R=htaccess; find . -type f|xargs -P5 -iFF grep -l -m1 "$S" FF|xargs -P5 -iFF sed -i -e s%${S}%${R}% FF'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Find the process you are looking for minus the grepped one</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pgrep command_name</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Stripping ^M at end of each line for files</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dos2unix <filenames></pre>
<p>
<strong><em>IFS - use entire lines in your for cycles</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> export IFS=$(echo -e "\n")</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Attempt an XSS exploit on commandlinefu.com</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> perl -pi -e 's/<a href="#" onmouseover="console.log('xss! '+document.cookie)" style="position:absolute;height:0;width:0;background:transparent;font-w eight:normal;">xss</a>/<\/a>/g'</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>exit if another instance is running</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> pidof -x -o $$ ${0##*/} && exit</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>dstat - a mix of vmstat, iostat, netstat, ps, sar...</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dstat -ta</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>launch a virtualbox virtual machine</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> VBoxManage startvm "name"</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Create a large test file (taking no space).</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> dd bs=1 seek=2TB if=/dev/null of=ext3.test</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Determine what an process is actually doing what</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> sudo strace -pXXXX -e trace=file</pre>
<p>
<strong><em>Adding formatting to an xml document for easier reading</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmllint --format <filename> > <output file></pre>
<p>
<p>
<strong><em>Adding formatting to an xml document for easier reading</em></strong>
<pre class="codeline"> xmllint --format <filename> > <output file></pre>
<p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
![image/eg-tree.png]](image/eg-tree.png]){kind=link}